Laurence Alpay, Harmen Bijwaard en Rob Doms hebben bijdrage geleverd aan dit boek. zie hoofdstuk 7. Blz. 159 In dit hoofdstuk bekijken we de betekenis van ‘de mens centraal’ bij de ontwikkeling van technologie voor gezondheidszorg en welzijnsbevordering. In de zorg- en welzijnssector zijn door de vergrijzing straks meer professionals nodig, maar deze zijn waarschijnlijk in onvoldoende mate beschikbaar vanwege budgettaire beperkingen en te weinig menskracht. Technologie kan hier een oplossing bieden door taken over te nemen of te vergemakkelijken.
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Background: Phantom limb pain is a frequent and persistent problem following amputation. Achieving sustainable favorable effects on phantom limb pain requires therapeutic interventions such as mirror therapy that target maladaptive neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system. Unfortunately, patients’ adherence to unsupervised exercises is generally poor and there is a need for effective strategies such as telerehabilitation to support long-term self-management of patients with phantom limb pain. Objective: The main aim of this study was to describe the user-centered approach that guided the design and development of a telerehabilitation platform for patients with phantom limb pain. We addressed 3 research questions: (1) Which requirements are defined by patients and therapists for the content and functions of a telerehabilitation platform and how can these requirements be prioritized to develop a first prototype of the platform? (2) How can the user interface of the telerehabilitation platform be designed so as to match the predefined critical user requirements and how can this interface be translated into a medium-fidelity prototype of the platform? (3) How do patients with phantom limb pain and their treating therapists judge the usability of the medium-fidelity prototype of the telerehabilitation platform in routine care and how can the platform be redesigned based on their feedback to achieve a high-fidelity prototype?
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-Chatbots are being used at an increasing rate, for instance, for simple Q&A conversations, flight reservations, online shopping and news aggregation. However, users expect to be served as effective and reliable as they were with human-based systems and are unforgiving once the system fails to understand them, engage them or show them human empathy. This problem is more prominent when the technology is used in domains such as health care, where empathy and the ability to give emotional support are most essential during interaction with the person. Empathy, however, is a unique human skill, and conversational agents such as chatbots cannot yet express empathy in nuanced ways to account for its complex nature and quality. This project focuses on designing emotionally supportive conversational agents within the mental health domain. We take a user-centered co-creation approach to focus on the mental health problems of sexual assault victims. This group is chosen specifically, because of the high rate of the sexual assault incidents and its lifetime destructive effects on the victim and the fact that although early intervention and treatment is necessary to prevent future mental health problems, these incidents largely go unreported due to the stigma attached to sexual assault. On the other hand, research shows that people feel more comfortable talking to chatbots about intimate topics since they feel no fear of judgment. We think an emotionally supportive and empathic chatbot specifically designed to encourage self-disclosure among sexual assault victims could help those who remain silent in fear of negative evaluation and empower them to process their experience better and take the necessary steps towards treatment early on.
In this project, we explore how healthcare providers and the creative industry can collaborate to develop effective digital mental health interventions, particularly for survivors of sexual assault. Sexual assault victims face significant barriers to seeking professional help, including shame, self-blame, and fear of judgment. With over 100,000 cases reported annually in the Netherlands the need for accessible, stigma-free support is urgent. Digital interventions, such as chatbots, offer a promising solution by providing a safe, confidential, and cost-effective space for victims to share their experiences before seeking professional care. However, existing commercial AI chatbots remain unsuitable for complex mental health support. While widely used for general health inquiries and basic therapy, they lack the human qualities essential for empathetic conversations. Additionally, training AI for this sensitive context is challenging due to limited caregiver-patient conversation data. A key concern raised by professionals worldwide is the risk of AI-driven chatbots being misused as therapy substitutes. Without proper safeguards, they may offer inappropriate responses, potentially harming users. This highlights the urgent need for strict design guidelines, robust safety measures, and comprehensive oversight in AI-based mental health solutions. To address these challenges, this project brings together experts from healthcare and design fields—especially conversation designers—to explore the power of design in developing a trustworthy, user-centered chatbot experience tailored to survivors' needs. Through an iterative process of research, co-creation, prototyping, and evaluation, we aim to integrate safe and effective digital support into mental healthcare. Our overarching goal is to bridge the gap between digital healthcare and the creative sector, fostering long-term collaboration. By combining clinical expertise with design innovation, we seek to develop personalized tools that ethically and effectively support individuals with mental health problems.
Het overstijgende doel van dit project is bijdragen aan een inclusieve en gezonde samenleving door de gezondheid en het welzijn van startende mbo-opgeleide zorgprofessionals te bevorderen. Dit draagt bij aan het beperken van uitval en uitstroom (gerelateerd aan beroepsvitaliteit) bij de Hoven en vergelijkbare zorgorganisaties. Op de langere termijn ondersteunt het project het vergroten van duurzame inzetbaarheid waardoor de doelgroep minder gezondheidsklachten krijgt en blijft participeren in het arbeidsproces. Hiervan is bekend dat gezond werken bijdraagt aan hun welzijn(SER,2023) en als extra opbrengst blijft deze doelgroep in hogere mate behouden voor het leveren van gezondheidszorg aan alle burgers. Dit sluit goed aan bij het concept positieve gezondheid(Huber et al.,2011), waarin werk een belangrijke rol speelt, als element van sociaalmaatschappelijke participatie. Positieve gezondheid is het vermogen van mensen om met de fysieke, emotionele en sociale uitdagingen van het leven om te gaan en daarbij zoveel mogelijk eigen regie te voeren. We realiseren de doelstelling door verander-, onderzoeks- en ontwerpmethodieken te combineren, zoals creatieve actiemethodologie, design thinking, participatief ontwerp, co-creatie en user-centered design(Brown&Katz,2011; Delnooz,2019; Dolmans&Tigelaar,2012). Voor de participatie van mbo-professionals (afgestudeerd en in opleiding) gaan we specifieke onderzoeksinstrumenten gebruiken dan wel ontwikkelen die aansluiten bij de doelgroep (o.a. Photo voice en reflectiemethodes zoals Korthagen(Tigelaar et al.,2008)). We zorgen voor kort cyclisch testen, evalueren en ontwerpen in co-creatie met eindgebruikers en experts.
