Purpose: This study aims to capture the complex clinical reasoning process during tailoring of exercise and dietary interventions to adverse effects and comorbidities of patients with ovarian cancer receiving chemotherapy. Methods: Clinical vignettes were presented to expert physical therapists (n = 4) and dietitians (n = 3). Using the think aloud method, these experts were asked to verbalize their clinical reasoning on how they would tailor the intervention to adverse effects of ovarian cancer and its treatment and comorbidities. Clinical reasoning steps were categorized in questions raised to obtain additional information; anticipated answers; and actions to be taken. Questions and actions were labeled according to the evidence-based practice model. Results: Questions to obtain additional information were frequently related to the patients’ capacities, safety or the etiology of health issues. Various hypothetical answers were proposed which led to different actions. Suggested actions by the experts included extensive monitoring of symptoms and parameters, specific adaptations to the exercise protocol and dietary-related patient education. Conclusions: Our study obtained insight into the complex process of clinical reasoning, in which a variety of patient-related variables are used to tailor interventions. This insight can be useful for description and fidelity assessment of interventions and training of healthcare professionals.
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Although it appears increasingly important yet potentially challenging to attract consumers to physical stores, location‐based messaging has been said to enable such attraction. Still, existing studies offer very limited insight into which particular location‐based persuasion approach retailers should use. This study aimed to establish and compare the potential of two discrepant persuasion strategies to influence consumers’ experiences and thereby stimulate them to visit the retailer's physical store. Drawing on persuasion theory and construal level theory, and using a vignette‐based online survey method, we determined that scarcity is a more effective persuasion strategy in the studied context than social proof; scarcity‐focused messages are experienced as more informative, more entertaining and less irritating, are therefore valued more, and are thus more likely to induce store visits. We discuss these findings and their implications for theory as well as for practice.
IntroductionOver time, surrogacy has become more broadly available to a variety of people (e.g. male same-sex couples or transgender women). Whether the wider public supports surrogacy, and what contributes to such support remains unclear. This study investigated what demographic and surrogacy arrangement-based (which people participate in the arrangement) factors shape attitudes towards surrogacy.MethodA representative sample of Dutch adults (N = 1,074) reported their attitudes on four (out of 30) randomly assigned vignettes in 2023. Each vignette described a surrogacy family with variations in sexuality and gender of parents, the social and genetic bonds between the parents, the surrogate, and the oocyte donor, and was followed by an attitude questionnaire (6 items). Multilevel regression analyses were conducted with attitudes as the dependent variable and demographic factors (gender, Dutch background, age, education, sexual orientation, urbanisation, and religiosity) and arrangement-based factors (parental composition, genetic and social bonds with the surrogate, and oocyte donors).ResultsParticipants held fairly positive attitudes towards surrogacy. People identifying as women, with only having a Dutch background, who were younger, more highly educated, non-heterosexual, or less religious were more likely to have positive attitudes. Participants had more positive attitudes if surrogacy arrangements entailed cis-man cis-woman parents compared to cis-man cis-man or transgender parents, and when there was no social bond between parents and oocyte donor.ConclusionsAttitudes are influenced by both demographic and arrangement-based factors. Based on these findings, families can be informed of fairly positive reactions they might encounter from their environment.
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Aanleiding In Nederland blijven jaarlijks ongeveer 620.000 vermogensmisdrijven en 40.000 gewelds- en zedenmisdrijven onopgelost. Dit komt deels doordat forensische professionals niet altijd in staat zijn alle bruikbare informatie van sporen te benutten. Zo gebruikt men vingersporen traditioneel alleen voor identificatiedoeleinden aan de hand van papillairlijnen, terwijl deze sporen ook andere informatie bevatten over hun bron en de activiteiten waardoor ze zijn veroorzaakt. Effectief gebruik van deze informatie vergroot de kans op opsporing en vervolging van daders en verkleint de kans op gerechtelijke dwalingen. Professionals uit de strafrechtsketen hebben daarom behoefte aan kennis over het breder benutten van vingersporen in de opsporingspraktijk. Doelstelling Het project bestaat uit twee onderzoekslijnen, met als doel: 1) Ontwikkeling en verfijning van opsporingsmethoden waarmee men valide, betrouwbare informatie over de bron en activiteiten uit vingersporen kan afleiden. Deze lijn heeft een analytisch chemisch deel (gericht op de samenstelling van vingersporen in relatie tot eigenschappen van de bron) en een chemisch fysisch deel (gericht op de wijze waarop de sporen zijn geplaatst). 2) Ontwikkeling en toetsing van methoden waarmee professionals de opsporingstechnieken optimaal kunnen inzetten en de resultaten ervan optimaal kunnen gebruiken in het proces van opsporing, vervolging en bewijsvoering. Dit gebeurt aan de hand van analyse van dossiers, analyse van lab- en plaats-delictobservaties, interviews met rechercheurs, experimentele toetsing van aanbevelingen via virtuele plaatsen delict (3D-panoscans), vignettestudies waarin rechercheurs zich buigen over beschrijvingen van zaken, literatuuronderzoek, expertmeetings en experimenten met studenten en professionals. Beoogde resultaten Het consortium beoogt hiermee een strategie te ontwikkelen waarmee opsporingsprofessionals vingersporen optimaal kunnen benutten, doordat: 1) de politie aandacht krijgt voor de kansen die deze sporen bieden; 2) forensische instituten methoden ontwikkelen waarmee men deze sporen kan analyseren en helder over de resultaten kan rapporteren; 3) ketenpartners van de tactische recherche, het openbaar ministerie en de zittende magistratuur begrijpen hoe zij rapportages over deze sporen moeten interpreteren en hoe ze de informatie kunnen gebruiken bij het beslissen over vervolgstappen in het onderzoek. Docenten, onderzoekers en studenten van de deelnemende onderwijsinstellingen participeren in het onderzoeksprogramma. De betrokken docenten integreren de verworven kennis in het reguliere onderwijs. In samenwerking met opleidingsinstituten in het forensische veld worden gerichte (nascholings)workshops, seminars en trainingen ontwikkeld voor professionals. Verder vindt er kennisverspreiding plaats via publicaties in (inter)nationale wetenschappelijke tijdschriften en vakbladen, en door lezingen tijdens themadagen en congressen.
