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Tweet, share, like? De rol van sociaalnetwerksites van sportverenigingen bij de ontwikkeling van clubgevoel van leden

Dragen sociaalnetwerksites van sportverenigingen (ClubSNSs) bij aan het clubgevoel van leden? 129 leden van sportverenigingen vulden een vragenlijst in over ClubSNSs en clubgevoel. Daaruit blijkt dat leden ClubSNSs informatief, vermakelijk en interactief vinden en ClubSNSs gebruiken voor het volgen van content over sport, leden en de club. Verder blijken ClubSNSs belangrijk voor het clubgevoel van leden, doordat identificatie met de sportvereniging wordt opgebouwd.

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Tweet, share, like? De rol van sociaalnetwerksites van sportverenigingen bij de ontwikkeling van clubgevoel van leden

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Het sociale media netwerk van NPO Spirit in beeld

Van oorsprong worden televisieprogramma’s op een lineaire manier aangeboden aan kijkers: een omroep bepaalt in welke volgorde programma’s worden getoond. Dit verandert echter langzaam. Ondemand mogelijkheden via internet en settopboxen zorgen ervoor dat kijkers zelf kunnen bepalen wanneer ze welk programma willen kijken. De Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (NPO) speelt op die mogelijkheden in met onder meer de dienst Uitzending Gemist, een NPOapplicatie voor mobiele apparaten en verschillende themakanalen. Eén van die themakanalen is NPO Spirit. Ze biedt via internet ondemand video’s aan op het gebied van levensbeschouwing, spiritualiteit en diversiteit. Het aanbod is zo pluriform mogelijk. Dat wil zeggen dat verschillende religies en levensbeschouwingen naast elkaar worden aangeboden. NPO Spirit formuleert haar propositie dan ook als volgt: “NPO Spirit laat de kijker genieten en brengt op toegankelijke wijze (nieuwe) inzichten!" De uiteindelijke doelstelling van dit project is om méér mensen en meer verschillende groepen te bereiken. Het eindresultaat bestaat uit (1) een specifiek overzicht voor NPO Spirit van relevante trefwoorden, groepen ( hubs ) en sleutelfiguren ( influencers ) op internet, en (2) een algemene werkwijze om vanuit een organisatie of merk te bepalen welke groepen, trefwoorden en sleutelfiguren op het internet relevant zijn. Dit moet ertoe leiden dat NPO Spirit beter in staat raakt om video’s naar consumenten ‘toe te brengen’.

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Het sociale media netwerk van NPO Spirit in beeld

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Grundlagenstudie zur Erfassung der Hörfähigkeit von Studierenden an den Universitäten Oldenburg, Groningen und der Hochschule Utrecht

Mittels einer Anfang 2011 durchgeführten Online-Erhebung wurden Studierende an den Universitäten Oldenburg, Groningen und der Hochschule Utrecht in Bezug auf die Hörsituation an ihrer Bildungseinrichtung befragt. Die Erhebung verfolgte das Ziel, den Anteil der Studierenden mit einer Hörbeeinträchtigung an den genannten Standorten differenziert zu erfassen. Eine statistische Analyse der Daten ergab, dass an allen drei Einrichtungen mehr als 25 Prozent der Studierenden von einer Beeinträchtigung im Hören betroffen waren, wobei eine Geräuschempfindlichkeit die am häufigsten genannte Hörbeeinträchtigung darstellte.

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Grundlagenstudie zur Erfassung der Hörfähigkeit von Studierenden an den Universitäten Oldenburg, Groningen und der Hochschule Utrecht

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Is beta in agreement with the relatives? Using relative clause sentences to investigate MEG beta power dynamics during sentence comprehension.

There remains some debate about whether beta power effects observed during sentence comprehension reflect ongoing syntactic unification operations (beta-syntax hypothesis), or instead reflect maintenance or updating of the sentence-level representation (beta-maintenance hypothesis). In this study, we used magnetoencephalography to investigate beta power neural dynamics while participants read relative clause sentences that were initially ambiguous between a subject- or an object-relative reading. An additional condition included a grammatical violation at the disambiguation point in the relative clause sentences. The beta-maintenance hypothesis predicts a decrease in beta power at the disambiguation point for unexpected (and less preferred) object-relative clause sentences and grammatical violations, as both signal a need to update the sentence-level representation. While the beta-syntax hypothesis also predicts a beta power decrease for grammatical violations due to a disruption of syntactic unification operations, it instead predicts an increase in beta power for the object-relative clause condition because syntactic unification at the point of disambiguation becomes more demanding. We observed decreased beta power for both the agreement violation and object-relative clause conditions in typical left hemisphere language regions, which provides compelling support for the beta-maintenance hypothesis. Mid-frontal theta power effects were also present for grammatical violations and object-relative clause sentences, suggesting that violations and unexpected sentence interpretations are registered as conflicts by the brain's domain-general error detection system.

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Syntactic unification operations are reflected in oscillatory dynamics during online sentence comprehension.

There is growing evidence suggesting that synchronization changes in the oscillatory neuronal dynamics in the EEG or MEG reflect the transient coupling and uncoupling of functional networks related to different aspects of language comprehension. In this work, we examine how sentence-level syntactic unification operations are reflected in the oscillatory dynamics of the MEG. Participants read sentences that were either correct, contained a word category violation, or were constituted of random word sequences devoid of syntactic structure. A time-frequency analysis of MEG power changes revealed three types of effects. The first type of effect was related to the detection of a (word category) violation in a syntactically structured sentence, and was found in the alpha and gamma frequency bands. A second type of effect was maximally sensitive to the syntactic manipulations: A linear increase in beta power across the sentence was present for correct sentences, was disrupted upon the occurrence of a word category violation, and was absent in syntactically unstructured random word sequences. We therefore relate this effect to syntactic unification operations. Thirdly, we observed a linear increase in theta power across the sentence for all syntactically structured sentences. The effects are tentatively related to the building of a working memory trace of the linguistic input. In conclusion, the data seem to suggest that syntactic unification is reflected by neuronal synchronization in the lower-beta frequency band.

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Neuronal dynamics underlying high- and low-frequency EEG oscillations contribute independently to the human BOLD signal.

Work on animals indicates that BOLD is preferentially sensitive to local field potentials, and that it correlates most strongly with gamma band neuronal synchronization. Here we investigate how the BOLD signal in humans performing a cognitive task is related to neuronal synchronization across different frequency bands. We simultaneously recorded EEG and BOLD while subjects engaged in a visual attention task known to induce sustained changes in neuronal synchronization across a wide range of frequencies. Trial-by-trial BOLD fluctuations correlated positively with trial-by-trial fluctuations in high-EEG gamma power (60. -80 Hz) and negatively with alpha and beta power. Gamma power on the one hand, and alpha and beta power on the other hand, independently contributed to explaining BOLD variance. These results indicate that the BOLD-gamma coupling observed in animals can be extrapolated to humans performing a task and that neuronal dynamics underlying high- and low-frequency synchronization contribute independently to the BOLD signal.

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Oscillatory brain dynamics associated with the automatic processing of emotion in words

This study examines the automaticity of processing the emotional aspects of words, and characterizes the oscillatory brain dynamics that accompany this automatic processing. Participants read emotionally negative, neutral and positive nouns while performing a color detection task in which only perceptual-level analysis was required. Event-related potentials and time frequency representations were computed from the concurrently measured EEG. Negative words elicited a larger P2 and a larger late positivity than positive and neutral words, indicating deeper semantic/evaluative processing of negative words. In addition, sustained alpha power suppressions were found for the emotional compared to neutral words, in the time range from 500 to 1000. ms post-stimulus. These results suggest that sustained attention was allocated to the emotional words, whereas the attention allocated to the neutral words was released after an initial analysis. This seems to hold even when the emotional content of the words is task-irrelevant.

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EEG alpha power modulation of fMRI resting state connectivity.

In the past decade, the fast and transient coupling and uncoupling of functionally related brain regions into networks has received much attention in cognitive neuroscience. Empirical tools to study network coupling include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based functional and/or effective connectivity, and electroencephalography (EEG)/magnetoencephalography-based measures of neuronal synchronization. Here we use simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI to assess whether fMRI-based connectivity and frequency-specific EEG power are related. Using data collected during resting state, we studied whether posterior EEG alpha power fluctuations are correlated with connectivity within the visual network and between the visual cortex and the rest of the brain. The results show that when alpha power increases, BOLD connectivity between the primary visual cortex and occipital brain regions decreases and that the negative relation of the visual cortex with the anterior/medial thalamus decreases and the ventral–medial prefrontal cortex is reduced in strength. These effects were specific for the alpha band, and not observed in other frequency bands. The decreased connectivity within the visual system may indicate an enhanced functional inhibition during a higher alpha activity. This higher inhibition level also attenuates long-range intrinsic functional antagonism between the visual cortex and the other thalamic and cortical regions. Together, these results illustrate that power fluctuations in posterior alpha oscillations result in local and long-range neural connectivity changes.

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Word class and context affect alpha-band oscillatory dynamics in an older population.

Differences in the oscillatory EEG dynamics of reading open class (OC) and closed class (CC) words have previously been found (Bastiaansen et al., 2005) and are thought to reflect differences in lexical-semantic content between these word classes. In particu-lar, the theta-band (4-7 Hz) seems to play a prominent role in lexical-semantic retrieval. We tested whether this theta effect is robust in an older population of subjects. Additionally, we examined how the context of a word can modulate the oscillatory dynamics underly-ing retrieval for the two different classes of words. Older participants (mean age 55) read words presented in either syntactically correct sentences or in a scrambled order ("scram-bled sentence") while their EEG was recorded. We performed time-frequency analysis to examine how power varied based on the context or class of the word. We observed larger power decreases in the alpha (8-12 Hz) band between 200-700 ms for the OC compared to CC words, but this was true only for the scrambled sentence context. We did not observe differences in theta power between these conditions. Context exerted an effect on the alpha and low beta (13-18 Hz) bands between 0 and 700 ms. These results suggest that the previously observed word class effects on theta power changes in a younger participant sample do not seem to be a robust effect in this older population. Though this is an indi-rect comparison between studies, it may suggest the existence of aging effects on word retrieval dynamics for different populations. Additionally, the interaction between word class and context suggests that word retrieval mechanisms interact with sentence-level comprehension mechanisms in the alpha-band.

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Producten 111

Tweet, share, like? De rol van sociaalnetwerksites van sportverenigingen bij de ontwikkeling van clubgevoel van leden

Het sociale media netwerk van NPO Spirit in beeld

Grundlagenstudie zur Erfassung der Hörfähigkeit von Studierenden an den Universitäten Oldenburg, Groningen und der Hochschule Utrecht

Is beta in agreement with the relatives? Using relative clause sentences to investigate MEG beta power dynamics during sentence comprehension.

Syntactic unification operations are reflected in oscillatory dynamics during online sentence comprehension.

Neuronal dynamics underlying high- and low-frequency EEG oscillations contribute independently to the human BOLD signal.

Oscillatory brain dynamics associated with the automatic processing of emotion in words

EEG alpha power modulation of fMRI resting state connectivity.

Word class and context affect alpha-band oscillatory dynamics in an older population.

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Tweet, share, like? De rol van sociaalnetwerksites van sportverenigingen bij de ontwikkeling van clubgevoel van leden

Het sociale media netwerk van NPO Spirit in beeld

Grundlagenstudie zur Erfassung der Hörfähigkeit von Studierenden an den Universitäten Oldenburg, Groningen und der Hochschule Utrecht

Is beta in agreement with the relatives? Using relative clause sentences to investigate MEG beta power dynamics during sentence comprehension.

Syntactic unification operations are reflected in oscillatory dynamics during online sentence comprehension.

Neuronal dynamics underlying high- and low-frequency EEG oscillations contribute independently to the human BOLD signal.

Oscillatory brain dynamics associated with the automatic processing of emotion in words

EEG alpha power modulation of fMRI resting state connectivity.

Word class and context affect alpha-band oscillatory dynamics in an older population.