The 2014 EU Directive on Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) lays down obligations for the EU Member States to establish a maritime planning process, resulting in a maritime spatial plan by 2020. Consultation should be carried out with local, national and transnational stakeholders. Stakeholder engagement in MSP is complex because of the great number and diversity of maritime stakeholders and the unfamiliarity of some of these stakeholders with MSP and its potential impact. To facilitate stakeholder engagement in MSP, the 'MSP Challenge' table top strategy game was designed and played as part of several stakeholder events in different European countries. The authors study the efficacy of the game for stakeholder engagement. Background and evaluation data of nineteen game sessions with a total of 310 stakeholders with different backgrounds were collected through post-game surveys. Furthermore, the efficacy of the game for stakeholder engagement processes, organised by competent MSP authorities in Scotland and Belgium, is studied in more detail. The results show that the board game, overall, has been a very efficient and effective way of familiarising a great diversity of stakeholders with MSP and to create meaningful interaction and learning among stakeholders in formal planning processes. However, the case studies also show that contextual factors-the level of familiarity with MSP and participants' perception to sustainability-influences the efficacy of the game.
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Gedrag van grote groepen mensen speelt een belangrijke rol in zowel het ontstaan en in stand houden van de problemen op het gebied van gezondheid en energie en milieu, als ook in de oplossing er van. De overheid, bedrijven en organisaties willen burgers, consumenten en werknemers aanzetten tot het maken van duurzame en gezonde keuzes. Zij doen daarbij een beroep op ondernemers in de creatieve industrie. Enkele best practices maken het aannemelijk dat fysieke producten zeer geschikt zijn om mensen op de juiste plaats en het juiste moment in actie te laten komen. De wetenschappelijke onderbouwing van de werking is echter nauwelijks voorhanden. Communicatie-, ontwerp- en adviesbureaus (bureaus) willen weten hoe je door de inzet van een passende strategie van overtuiging en sociale invloed (persuasief principe) op het juiste moment en op de juiste plaats (touchpoint) gedrag kunt beïnvloeden.
Micro Ring Resonators (MRRs) have become the workhorse in photonics, both for data/telecomas well as bio-chemical sensing applications. In this contribution the use of MRRs as sensors for food-safety applications will be discussed.
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