The implementation of innovative sustainability technologies often requires far reaching changes of the macro environment in which the innovating firms operate. Strategic management literature describes that firms who want to commercialize an innovative technology can collaborate in networks or industry clusters to build up a favourable environment for their technology. This increases the chances of successful diffusion and adoption of the technology in society. However, the strategic management literature does not offer advice on how to strategically build up this supportive external environment. We fill this gap with complementary insights from the technological innovation systems literature. We introduce the concept of strategic collective system building. Collective system building describes processes and activities networks of actors can strategically engage in to collectively build up a favourable environment for their innovative sustainability technology. Furthermore, we develop a strategy framework for collective system building. To underpin the theoretical analysis empirically, we conducted a case study in the Dutch smart grids field. The resulting strategy framework consists of four key areas for strategy making: technology development and optimization, market creation, socio-cultural changes and coordination. Each of these key strategic areas is composed of a set of system building activities
In line with discursive psychology’s re-specification of psychological categories as discursive practices, this chapter focuses on everyday mobilisation as social action. We analyse online communication on Facebook Event pages of local social movements, designed to mobilise for political gatherings such as demonstrations. The aim of the chapter is to explore how language is used to make available the social action of mobilizing for collective events such as demonstrations. In addition to other perspectives on the role of language in mobilisation, the discursive psychological perspective takes into account both the rhetorical and the interactional features of online calls for collective action participation. Members of social movements construct calls for participation in collective action as appropriate or fair by carefully managing their reasonableness. In dit hoofdstuk wordt alledaagse mobilisatie behandeld als een sociale handeling, vanuit een discursief-psychologisch perspectief. Dit perspectief herformuleert psychologische categorieën als discursieve praktijken. We analyseren online communicatie op Facebook Event pagina’s van sociale bewegingen, die ontworpen zijn om mensen op te roepen deel te nemen aan bijeenkomsten zoals demonstraties. Het doel van dit hoofdstuk is in kaart te brengen hoe taal wordt gebruikt om mobilisatie voor collectieve gebeurtenissen mogelijk te maken. In aanvulling op andere perspectieven op de rol van taal in mobilisatie, wordt gekeken naar de interactionele en retorische aspecten van oproepen tot deelname aan collectieve acties. Leden van sociale bewegingen construeren de motieven voor deze oproepen als redelijk en weerleggen daarmee het idee dat ze handelen uit activistische motieven.
This paper examines the (collective) performance of identities in an event context. During events, the participants not only engage in face-to-face performances, but also in the collective performances of crowds and audiences. This study analyses collective performance using Collins’ framework of Interaction Ritual Chains, which combines Goffman’s performance metaphor with Durkheim’s work on rituals and collective effervescence. This provides a more complete analysis of the ways identities are performed and (re)constructed during an event. This qualitative study presents the case of the Redhead Days, the world’s largest gathering of redheads. Visitor interviews and participant observation over four editions of the event show how a temporary majority of redheads is created, which greatly impacts both face-to-face and collective performance. Social practices that facilitate performance include photographing and storytelling. The data reveal that collective performance is inherently different from face-to-face performance, and that the combination of the two contributes to a change in narrative identities of the event attendees
In order to achieve much-needed transitions in energy and health, systemic changes are required that are firmly based on the principles of regard for others and community values, while at the same time operating in market conditions. Social entrepreneurship and community entrepreneurship (SCE) hold the promise to catalyze such transitions, as they combine bottom-up social initiatives with a focus on financially viable business models. SCE requires a facilitating ecosystem in order to be able to fully realize its potential. As yet it is unclear in which way the entrepreneurial ecosystem for social and community entrepreneurship facilitates or hinders the flourishing and scaling of such entrepreneurship. It is also unclear how exactly entrepreneurs and stakeholders influence their ecosystem to become more facilitative. This research programme addresses these questions. Conceptually it integrates entrepreneurial ecosystem frameworks with upcoming theories on civic wealth creation, collaborative governance, participative learning and collective action frameworks.This multidisciplinary research project capitalizes on a unique consortium: the Dutch City Deal ‘Impact Ondernemen’. In this collaborative research, we enhance and expand current data collection efforts and adopt a living-lab setting centered on nine local and regional cases for collaborative learning through experimenting with innovative financial and business models. We develop meaningful, participatory design and evaluation methods and state-of-the-art digital tools to increase the effectiveness of impact measurement and management. Educational modules for professionals are developed to boost the abovementioned transition. The project’s learnings on mechanisms and processes can easily be adapted and translated to a broad range of impact areas.
Dit onderzoek draagt bij aan de transitie naar een circulaire economie in de bouwsector. De Nederlandse bouwsector is grondstofintensief. Tegelijkertijd wordt een grote hoeveelheid sloopafval geproduceerd. Dit materiaal zou deels als bouwmateriaal hergebruikt kunnen worden. Maar vraag en aanbod naar circulair bouwmateriaal zijn nog niet op elkaar aangesloten. De transitie naar een circulaire bouweconomie vergt sterkere samenwerking tussen ketenpartners en gedragsverandering van gebruikers zoals verandering in regelgeving. Een belangrijke rol om deze veranderingen op microniveau te stimuleren, zijn circulaire businessmodellen. Circulaire businessmodellen kunnen prikkels geven voor sterke samenwerking langs de keten, ervoor zorgen dat kosten en baten van de transitie eerlijk verdeeld worden, en gebruiksgedrag stimuleren. Maar circulaire businessmodellen kunnen niet ontwikkeld worden zonder eerst de nodige veranderingen op macroniveau in kaart te brengen, en zonder samenwerking in de keten. Het doel van dit verkennend onderzoek is daarom om aan de hand van de 'collective system building framework' (een managementmodel dat bedrijven kan helpen om duurzaamheidstransities te stimuleren, zie hier) in kaart te brengen welke activiteiten nodig zijn om de transitie naar circulair bouwmateriaal te stimuleren. Een tweede doel is om een netwerk op te bouwen van samenwerkingspartners, die later deze activiteiten gaan uitvoeren. Hieraan verbonden is het derde doel, om circulaire businessmodellen te ontwikkelen, die en samenwerking tussen ketenpartners stimuleren, en de markt voor circulair bouwmateriaal te versterken. Hierbij onderzoeken wij de rol van digitale platformen, zoals van nieuwe product-service combinaties. Beoogde resultaten van dit verkennend onderzoek zijn drievoudig: (1.) een netwerk opbouwen van bedrijven en organisaties die de transitie naar circulair bouwmateriaal willen versterken; (2.) de nodige systemische veranderingen voor een transitie naar circulair bouwmateriaal in kaart brengen met de 'collective system building framework'; en (3.) meer inzicht krijgen in circulaire businessmodellen in de sector voor circulair bouwmateriaal, die kunnen helpen de nodige systemische veranderingen te bereiken.
Collaborative networks for sustainability are emerging rapidly to address urgent societal challenges. By bringing together organizations with different knowledge bases, resources and capabilities, collaborative networks enhance information exchange, knowledge sharing and learning opportunities to address these complex problems that cannot be solved by organizations individually. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the apparel sector, where examples of collaborative networks for sustainability are plenty, for example Sustainable Apparel Coalition, Zero Discharge Hazardous Chemicals, and the Fair Wear Foundation. Companies like C&A and H&M but also smaller players join these networks to take their social responsibility. Collaborative networks are unlike traditional forms of organizations; they are loosely structured collectives of different, often competing organizations, with dynamic membership and usually lack legal status. However, they do not emerge or organize on their own; they need network orchestrators who manage the network in terms of activities and participants. But network orchestrators face many challenges. They have to balance the interests of diverse companies and deal with tensions that often arise between them, like sharing their innovative knowledge. Orchestrators also have to “sell” the value of the network to potential new participants, who make decisions about which networks to join based on the benefits they expect to get from participating. Network orchestrators often do not know the best way to maintain engagement, commitment and enthusiasm or how to ensure knowledge and resource sharing, especially when competitors are involved. Furthermore, collaborative networks receive funding from grants or subsidies, creating financial uncertainty about its continuity. Raising financing from the private sector is difficult and network orchestrators compete more and more for resources. When networks dissolve or dysfunction (due to a lack of value creation and capture for participants, a lack of financing or a non-functioning business model), the collective value that has been created and accrued over time may be lost. This is problematic given that industrial transformations towards sustainability take many years and durable organizational forms are required to ensure ongoing support for this change. Network orchestration is a new profession. There are no guidelines, handbooks or good practices for how to perform this role, nor is there professional education or a professional association that represents network orchestrators. This is urgently needed as network orchestrators struggle with their role in governing networks so that they create and capture value for participants and ultimately ensure better network performance and survival. This project aims to foster the professionalization of the network orchestrator role by: (a) generating knowledge, developing and testing collaborative network governance models, facilitation tools and collaborative business modeling tools to enable network orchestrators to improve the performance of collaborative networks in terms of collective value creation (network level) and private value capture (network participant level) (b) organizing platform activities for network orchestrators to exchange ideas, best practices and learn from each other, thereby facilitating the formation of a professional identity, standards and community of network orchestrators.
