This paper addresses the design dilemmas that arise when distributed ledger technologies (DLT) are to be applied in the governance of artificial material commons. DLTs, such as blockchain, are often presented as enabling technologies for self-governing communities, provided by their consensus mechanisms, transparent administration, and incentives for collaboration and cooperation. Yet, these affordances may also undermine public values such as privacy and displace human agency in governance procedures. In this paper, the conflicts regarding the governance of communities which collectively manage and produce a commons are discussed through the case of a fictional energy community. Three mechanisms are identified in this process: tracking use of and contributions to the commons; managing resources, and negotiating the underlying rule sets and user rights. Our effort is aimed at contributing to the HCI community by introducing a framework of three mechanisms and six design dilemmas that can aid in balancing conflicting values in the design of local platforms for commons-based resource management.
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Urban commons is presented as a challenge of collaborative governance. This study delivers a normative perspective to analyse and evaluate processes and outcomes of the governance of urban commons. It demonstrates the development and application of the perspective in action research on Amsterdam’s Zero Waste Lab case, as a way to better understand successful and failing institutions in a concrete practice and to design interventions for improvement. Consequently, the (im)plausibility of collective action in urban communities and the participation of public actors present dilemmas for urban commons. The study specifically synthesises urban commons and collaborative governance scholarship and relates also in general to the transition towards co-creation in governing the city, e.g. in public administration or planning.
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This paper describes how an urban commons is established on the Amsterdam market square Plein ’40-’45, to explain how an experimental learning environment can be a living lab for improving collaborative governance arrangements. We detail how this improvement is facilitated by an experimental learning environment that engages stakeholders in a process where practical solutions are developed and systemic obstacles are addressed and redesigned simultaneously. Our study is guided by the research question: How can an experimental learning environment develop practical solutions as a means to address systemic obstacles and improve collaborative governance arrangements?
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Physical activity provides substantial health benefits yet physical inactivity is one of the most challenging problems of these days. Development in mHealth and eHealth applications, such as wearable technology, create vast opportunities but are still insufficiently used to promote sustainable physical activity. To enhance the development of such products, participation and cooperation of professionals with different knowledge and expertise is required. We developed a board game called COMMONS to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration in the design of health-related wearable technologies. In this paper we present the design process of COMMONS, results of the play sessions and discuss the future development of COMMONS and the possible implications within the field of Human-Computer Interaction.
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Our Commons: Political Ideas for a New Europe is a collection of essays, case studies and interviews that showcase the wealth of transformative ideas that the commons have to offer. Featuring reflections on the enclosure of knowledge and the monopolisation of the digital sphere, stories about renewable energy cooperatives and community foodwaste initiatives and urgent pleas to see the city as a commons and to treat health as a common good, this book is a political call to arms for all Europeans to embrace the commons and build a new Europe. Our Commons features contributions by David Bollier, Sheila R. Foster, Benjamin Coriat, Silke Helfrich, George Monbiot, Kate Raworth, Trebor Scholz and many others.
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In January 2008 the online photo-hosting site Flickr introduced a new section entitled The Commons. Its two key goals were to show the hidden treasures in the world’s public photography archives to the general public and to give Flickr community members the opportunity to contribute and describe these photos in order to enrich these collections. Surprisingly enough, little empirical research has been done on the actual usage of The Commons by the institutes and Flickr members. In our research we harvested a rich data sample over a 14-week period: 196,822 photos with user-generated content of 1.3 million tags, almost 130,000 comments and more than 22,000 notes. In total, 165,401 members from 188 different countries actively “did something” with the photos. This presentation will analyze this large data sample. In addition to the quantitative findings, we will discuss the qualitative findings regarding the content analysis of tags and comments.
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Onder invloed van digitalisering en internet is de afgelopen jaren de discussie over auteursrechten in het journalistieke veld opgelaaid. Verschillende aspecten spelen een rol in deze discussie. Sommigen benadrukken het belang van de online rechten van de makers en stellen dat het traditionele systeem van auteursrechten in de digitale wereld aan een update toe is. In 2008 opende de Nederlandse Vereniging van Journalisten (NVJ) bijvoorbeeld een plagiaatdienst terwijl ook het Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANP) onlangs een meldpunt in het leven heeft geroepen om ongeoorloofd hergebruik van hun nieuwsberichten in kaart te brengen. Anderen vinden auteursrecht in deze digitale tijd een achterhaald systeem. De sector zou zich volgens hen in plaats daarvan moeten richten op nieuwe manieren om geld te verdienen met nieuws. Modellen gebaseerd op Creative Commons zijn misschien wel geschikter om rechtenkwesties te regelen. In het kader van het Designing the Daily Digital project (3D) brengt de 3D Academy deze discussie in kaart. In deze bundel belicht een gevarieerde groep auteurs in een aantal mini-essays de verschillende kanten van het debat. Erik Huizer, algemeen directeur van TNO Informatiemaatschappij, verzorgt de inleiding op deze bundel. We zijn alle auteurs zeer erkentelijk voor hun bijdragen en hopen dat hun essays een vruchtbaar uitgangspunt zullen zijn bij de discussies die de komende tijd over auteursrechten en journalistiek gevoerd zullen worden.
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A Manifesto The group of some 17 participants interrupted the UDHR text in real time, infusing it with inclusive terminology, queering its binary language and expanding its gaze to other lifebeings, making it a manifesto for a new world. The newly formulated Universal Declaration of Human and More-Than-Human Rights and Responsibility for a New World would be the manifesto for an alliance of those who insisted on an end to capitalist practices and their destructive effects on the planet.
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This article explores the establishment of new commons initiatives from an integrated design perspective. Such a deeper understanding of the initial phase of becoming a commons -i.e. becommoning- and its design is crucial as members embark on a laborious, time-consuming and uncertain process in which they need to make critical design choices for their future commons. The design perspective is brought forward by the collective creation through which group values are explicated, the communal resource and its governance take shape and conditions are forged for the commons to emerge. So, the study presents the ‘becommoning’ framework as a first exploration for such a designerly approach to identify the steps and activities communities need to make at the very begin to start unfolding their initiative. The framework is applied in a case study, namely, for exploring the design of housing commons and related genres like cohousing, residential communities that are recognized as microlaboratories offering general insights for pursuing alternative societal models.
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