Zoekresultaten

Changing identities through collective performance at events: the case of the Redhead Days

This paper examines the (collective) performance of identities in an event context. During events, the participants not only engage in face-to-face performances, but also in the collective performances of crowds and audiences. This study analyses collective performance using Collins’ framework of Interaction Ritual Chains, which combines Goffman’s performance metaphor with Durkheim’s work on rituals and collective effervescence. This provides a more complete analysis of the ways identities are performed and (re)constructed during an event. This qualitative study presents the case of the Redhead Days, the world’s largest gathering of redheads. Visitor interviews and participant observation over four editions of the event show how a temporary majority of redheads is created, which greatly impacts both face-to-face and collective performance. Social practices that facilitate performance include photographing and storytelling. The data reveal that collective performance is inherently different from face-to-face performance, and that the combination of the two contributes to a change in narrative identities of the event attendees

Crowdsourcing

In dit boekje over crowdsourcing worden een aantal relevante aspecten van crowdsourcing behandeld. Allereerst beschrijven we een aantal historische voorbeelden om duidelijk te maken dat crowdsourcing niet ontstaan is als gevolg van de opkomst van internet maar als fenomeen al bestond voor het internettijdperk. Door internet is het echter zonder meer eenvoudiger geworden crowdsourcing te organiseren en een veel grotere groepen deelnemers te betrekken. In de sectie 'Wisdom of the Crowds' gaan we in op de onderliggende principes van crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing wordt vaak in één adem genoemd met de 'Wisdom of the Crowds', als onderliggend mechanisme hoe en waarom crowdsourcing werkt. We zullen echter concluderen dat de 'Wisdom of the Crowds' slechts één van de drie onderliggende principes van crowdsourcing is. Vervolgens gaan we in op de verschillende verschijningsvormen van crowdsourcing. Na een reflectie op bestaande voorstellen om tot een categorisering te komen van deze verschijningsvormen, presenteren we zeven categorieën op basis van het te onderscheiden doel. Bij de keuze om crowdsourcing in te zetten zal naar de kosten, risico's en baten ervan gekeken moeten worden. In de sectie 'Kosten en baten van crowdsourcing' bekijken we dit aspect voornamelijk vanuit het perspectief van de initiërende organisatie. Maar de kosten en baten voor de deelnemers zullen ook kort beschreven worden om te begrijpen wat hen drijft om aan een crowdsourcingproject mee te doen. In de laatste sectie beantwoorden we de vraag hoe crowdsourcing zo effectief en efficiënt mogelijk is in te zetten door naar een aantal implementatiemodellen te kijken en algemene adviezen te inventariseren. We sluiten af met een reflectie op de beschreven bevindingen.

Museum experience design - crowds, ecosystems and novel technologies

Interaction fields: intuitive sketch-based steering behaviors for crowd simulation.

The real-time simulation of human crowds has many applications. In a typical crowd simulation, each person ('agent') in the crowd moves towards a goal while adhering to local constraints. Many algorithms exist for specific local ‘steering’ tasks such as collision avoidance or group behavior. However, these do not easily extend to completely new types of behavior, such as circling around another agent or hiding behind an obstacle. They also tend to focus purely on an agent's velocity without explicitly controlling its orientation. This paper presents a novel sketch-based method for modelling and simulating many steering behaviors for agents in a crowd. Central to this is the concept of an interaction field (IF): a vector field that describes the velocities or orientations that agents should use around a given ‘source’ agent or obstacle. An IF can also change dynamically according to parameters, such as the walking speed of the source agent. IFs can be easily combined with other aspects of crowd simulation, such as collision avoidance. Using an implementation of IFs in a real-time crowd simulation framework, we demonstrate the capabilities of IFs in various scenarios. This includes game-like scenarios where the crowd responds to a user-controlled avatar. We also present an interactive tool that computes an IF based on input sketches. This IF editor lets users intuitively and quickly design new types of behavior, without the need for programming extra behavioral rules. We thoroughly evaluate the efficacy of the IF editor through a user study, which demonstrates that our method enables non-expert users to easily enrich any agent-based crowd simulation with new agent interactions.

Involving the crowd in future museum experience design

A general trend of museums and cultural heritage institutions besides digitizing their collections is to involve the public more and at various levels. Technology plays an increasingly important role in this involvement. Developments we have observed in museum experience design, include trends towards 1) dialogical engagement of the public; 2) addressing crowds as audiences; 3) the use of Internet of Things (IoT) and Do-It-Yourself (DIY) technology in museums; and 4) designing for museum systems and institutional ecologies instead of for individual museums only. In this one-day workshop we especially focus on exploring the implications of museums reaching out to crowds beyond their local communities, and of museums increasingly becoming part of connected museum systems and large institutional ecosystems. By means of a tangible game we will brainstorm about future opportunities and challenges, cluster and evaluate them, and suggest future work.

Future museum experience design - crowds, ecosystems and novel technology

The museum world is rapidly changing from being collection-centred to being community-centred and for the public. Apart from broadening access to collections through, for example, digitisation initiatives, new ways of involving the public more meaningfully and at various levels have emerged. Experiences inside museums have become more engaging, by extending the experience beyond the physical visit, or by involving the public in various forms of crowdsourced stewardship of collections. In this book, we explore the design implications that go along with these developments, all concerned with diversifying and making the engagement of the public in museum experiences more rewarding. We focus on the design implications associated with museums reaching out to crowds beyond their local communities, on experimenting with novel technologies and on conceiving experiences embedded in connected museum systems and large institutional ecosystems. By looking at and reflecting on trends, we attempt to sketch a picture of how future museums will change and, particularly, how they will relate to their public as a result of responding to or embracing these trends.