In the last two decades, co-creation and social innovation have become important concepts in academic research and public policy. The two concepts are conceptually linked, but this relationship has hardly been problematized in academic literature. In addition, social innovation and especially co-creation are not defined in EU policies, but merely included because they support policy aims. The lack of problematization and definition not only hampers progress in the academic field, but is also constringing co-creation into an exercise of merely including stakeholders therefore neglecting the full potential of co-creation. The key question addressed in this article is therefore: how can we evaluate the application of co-creation in EU-funded social innovation projects? A literature review revealed that co-creation and social innovation have become connected only very recently in academic literature. In this publication, we analyse the meta narratives of this emerging body of literature and conclude that we can distinguish three distinct segments with their own characteristics. We used these insights to develop an adaptive evaluation framework. This framework can be used to assess the application of co-creation within social innovation in, for example, EU-funded projects. This could push the emerging academic field forward and open up new research themes and designs. We also suggest that the framework could specifically support policymakers in their efforts to evaluate processes of co-creation instead of focusing on the dominant impact evaluations.
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There is an urgent need for energy renovation of the existing building stock, in order to reach the climate goals, set in Paris in 2016. To reach climate targets, it is important to considerably lower energy demand as well as switch to fossil-free heating systems. Unfortunately, renovation rates across the EU remain at a low level of 1% per year. Deep renovation, which lowers energy use with 60% or more, accounts only for 0,2% of renovations. The heating transition thus progresses much more slowly than the electricity transition. We draw on the framework of technological innovation systems, which allows comparison of different transitions. In the literature, it is argued that the configurational nature of the renovation system is one of the main reasons for the slow heating transition. The renovation system is context-bound and consists of many actors both on the demand-side and the supply-side, which leads to a fragmented market. For increasing the speed of the heating transition, it is deemed important to counter this fragmentation. We carried out a review of reports and publications of EU-funded projects on energy renovation. In many projects fragmentation in the building sector was identified as one of the main obstacles. We analyzed the deliverables of these energy renovation projects to find tried and tested solutions. One of these is the so-called one-stop-shop, which promises to improve the organization of the supply side, while also providing an appropriate and affordable solution to the customer. In the discussion we argue that the energy renovation system could be improved by increasing collaboration on the supply side and at the same time simplifying the renovation process for customers. A promising tool to make this happen is the one-stop-shop.
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For many EU citizens, working across the border is the only way to make a living in the EU. The battle for cheap labour has now become a well-oiled machine, in which almost all Western European countries participate. Nevertheless, the employment situation of EU Mobile Citizens, workers of low-skilled and -paid jobs, is often substandard. Challenges are housing, health care and working conditions. In addition, due to the lack of registration in municipalities, it is impossible to have an overview of the numbers and to offer effective help. This is a problem in small to medium-sized cities, where many workers live to work in agriculture, transport, construction, meat industry and logistics. For this study, 32 interviews were conducted in eleven small to medium-sized towns (SMSTs) in Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Poland, and Spain. The study uses three different perspectives: EU representatives of participating regions, municipalities, and employers. The outcomes show that most SMSTs deal with a shortage of housing, and a lack of grip on the registration process of EU citizens. Although there are some success stories, most SMSTs are not in touch with each other to share these. The paper concludes with proposals for further action-research and collaborations to impact local policies.
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In a study commissioned by the Association of Dutch Municipalities (VNG), the applied research group European Impact has compiled the results from interviews executed by approximately 240 European Studies students at The Hague University of Applied Sciences. The purpose of this report is to compare and contrast the situation of intra-EU labor migrants (hereafter referred to as EU mobile citizens) in regard to registration, housing, and information flows in 12 different municipalities across the EU. Based on semi-structured interviews with municipal workers and individuals from employment agencies/companies from the selected municipalities, the picture that emerges is one of divergence. There are significant variations regarding the registration procedure and information flows for EU mobile citizens across the selected municipalities. For registration, differences include where the registration takes place, the amount of collaboration between municipalities and employment agencies/companies on registering EU mobile citizens, and the importance of addresses in the registration process. Regarding information flows across the selected municipalities, there are significant variations in the amount and type of information available to EU mobile citizens, the number of languages information is available in,as well as how the information is organized (i.e. in a centralized or decentralized way). Furthermore, while all the member states in which the selected municipalities are located provide information regarding registration on the Single Digital Gateway, not all provide information about renting housing. As for housing, the results revealed that most of the selected municipalities face issues with housing and that EU mobile citizens typically find housing either via their employers or personal network. Based on the results, a list of potential best practices and policy areas that could be improved was compiled. Furthermore, in order to have a stronger overview of policy developments in the field of EU mobile citizens among different municipalities, the VNG could consider hosting a Community of Practice with different municipalities across the EU as well as monitoring Interreg Europe projects focused on improving the situation of EU mobile citizens.
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In publications addressing literary reflections on Europe, little attention has been paid to emerging cultural networks, the role of EU subsidies, or literary organisations engaging writers in initiatives aimed at contemplating the challenges that the European Union faces. This dissertation aims to explain the role of new initiatives by presenting four recent, transnational literary projects as case studies: the “Literatur Express Europa 2000”; “The European Constitution in Verse”; “Narratives for Europe”; and “The Return of Europe”. The projects were analysed through an examination of three fundamental aspects: the expectations held by the cultural organisations regarding their initiatives; the cultural artefacts resulting from the projects; and the effects of the projects in the public sphere. By selecting literary projects about Europe as case studies, rather than individual authors or texts, this research allows for an interdisciplinary approach that reveals the interaction between EU politics, civil society, cultural networks, and individual authors.
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Wij zijn onderdeel van de Europese Unie (EU), en het Europese speelveld is een dynamische waar je als gemeente- of provincieambtenaar veel kunt halen (en brengen) voor jouw organisatie. Terwijl een heel groot deel van Europese wet- en regelgeving impact heeft op de medeoverheden (denk aan regelgeving over schone lucht, bodem, water, digitalisering), biedt de weg naar Brussel ook kansen voor beleidsbeïnvloeding, netwerken, profileren van je gemeente of provincie en financieringsmogelijkheden ten behoeve van lokale en regionale uitdagingen. Denk aan leren van collega’s uit andere Europese steden en regio’s over hoe zij omgaan met thema’s als wateroverlast, digitale inclusie en woningnood, en Europese financieringskansen voor een innovatieve aanpak om met de gevolgen van klimaat om te gaan. Hoewel jij als (toekomstig) EU-expert binnen je organisatie het belang van investeren in de EU inziet, kan het zijn dat jouw organisatie (nog) niet goed toegerust is op het verzilveren van Europese kansen.
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In opdracht van de Vereniging van Nederlandse Gemeenten (VNG) heeft European Impact Hub de resultaten samengebracht uit het onderzoek van 250 studenten European Studies aan de Haagse Hogeschool. Het doel van dit rapport is om duidelijk te maken hoe in kleine tot middelgrote steden gewerkt wordt aan huisvesting en registratie van EU-arbeidsmigranten. Op basis van gestructureerde interviews met onder andere Europese vertegenwoordigers in Brussel, lokale beleidsmakers en lokale uitzendbureaus zijn de volgende conclusies geformuleerd. Uit de interviews met de Europese vertegenwoordigers in Brussel blijkt dat de bal vooral uit het eigen speelveld wordt geschopt. Ook blijkt dat de vertegenwoordigers van de deelnemende gemeenten bij de EU vaak niet op de hoogte zijn van de problemen in de regio's. Daarnaast laten de interviews zien dat de deelnemende gemeenten tegen dezelfde problemen aanlopen als het gaat om huisvesting. Ondanks dat huisvesting hoog op de politieke agenda staat blijft de situatie nijpend, in de ene plaats nog meer dan in de andere. Registratieprocessen verschillen per land. Het beschikbaar stellen van het registratieproces in verschillende talen en het vereenvoudigen van het registratieproces blijken succesfactoren. Toch is dit niet overal het geval, in La Palma del Condado dient het registratieproces herziend te worden omdat het te eenvoudig is. Over de problematiek rondom de Europese vertegenwoordiging raadt dit rapport aan de resultaten te bespreken met de afdelingen sociale zaken van de respectievelijke permanente vertegenwoordigingen (PV/EU)'s van de lidstaten, alsmede de (gezamenlijke) inspecties.
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This report is the result of a research interest stemming from the case presented by the City of Budapest on the misalignment between EU funding opportunities and the interdependence of the national government. The main research question was “Which channels exist for a local or regional government to access EU funding directly, without the need for interference of the national government?”. Recent political developments in Hungary have led to an increasing amount of budgetary challenges for the City of Budapest. Besides domestic factors, the European Commission’s decision to suggest to withhold cohesion and RRF funds to Hungary raises the question of what different avenues of direct EU funding instruments might be at the city’s disposal. Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide recommendations on what avenues the City of Budapest might want to invest in in terms of advocacy activities on the EU level. We first conducted a desk research, mapping the current landscape of EU funding instruments under the direct management of the EU (the overview can be found in the appendix). Secondly, ten interviews were conducted in October and November 2022 with several multi-level stakeholders from the European Parliament, the European Commission, the umbrella organisation of cities in the European Union ‘Eurocities’, a Hungarian journalist and a regional representation in Central-Eastern Europe. Based on these conversations, we identified five main findings with corresponding recommendations for action.
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The last decade we saw an increasing academic, policy, and professional interest in the use of co-creation to tackle societal challenges. Most research focused on qualitative analysis of case studies. This led to an understanding that co-creation is essential for social innovation. We started this paper by analyzing co-creation strategies ex ante to understand how EU-funded consortia intend to tackle societal challenges. By quantitatively analyzing 300 EU projects and qualitatively analyzing the Horizon2020 “co-creation for growth and inclusion” call, our research revealed four different types of consortia. We characterized these types by the coordinators and dubbed them, respectively, as research led, government led, enterprise led, and other led. These consortia were quite different in terms of diversity and preferred partners. We also distinguished three distinct co-creation strategies that are focused on inclusion of stakeholders, the outcome, or tool development. We discovered that these strategies are not linked to types of consortia or projects, but only to the call text. We therefore conclude that the policy design of Horizon2020 led to a program that aims to stimulate innovation, but has become too rigid to be able to do so.
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Nederland gaat gebukt onder de stikstofcrisis en dus gingen onlangs vier ministers naar Brussel om te vragen om meer coulance voor de Nederlandse situatie. Christianne van der Wal, Hugo de Jonge, Mark Harbers en Henk Staghouwer kwamen met lege handen thuis. Kamerleden Caroline van der Plas (BBB) en Derk Jan Eppink (JA21) zijn er boos over. Rutte had persoonlijk met zijn vuist op tafel moeten slaan. Dit is een mooie illustratie dat als je de EU niet wilt begrijpen, je telkens tot de conclusie zult komen dat de EU niet luistert.
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