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How Expert Designers Design

This paper discusses two studies - the one in a business context, the other in a university context - carried out with expert educational designers. The studies aimed to determine the priorities experts claim to employ when designing competence-based learning environments. Designers in both contexts agree almost completely on principles they feel are important. Both groups emphasized that one should start a design enterprise from the needs of the learners, instead of the content structure of the learning domain. However, unlike business designers, university designers find it extremely important to consider alternative solutions during the whole design process. University designers also say that they focus more on project plan and desired characteristics of the instructional blueprint whereas business designers report being more client-oriented, stressing the importance of "buying in" the client early in the process.

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31-12-2002

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Cliëntgecentreerde zorg binnen het multidisciplinaire pijnteam van Adelante

Cliëntgecentreerde zorg vormt binnen de Nederlandse gezondheidszorg een belangrijk thema, dat in de praktijk niet eenvoudig uit te voeren blijkt. Ook het multidisciplinaire pijnteam van Adelante te Hoensbroek wil cliëntgecentreerde zorg verder vorm geven in de dagelijkse praktijk. Bij cliëntgecentreerde zorg bepalen niet de zorgverlener en het beschikbare aanbod de inhoud van de zorg, maar wordt in samenspraak met de cliënt gekeken naar wat de cliënt in zijn situatie en met zijn mogelijkheden nodig heeft. Uit onderzoek in de thuiszorg is naar voren gekomen dat de professionals voor cliëntgecentreerde zorg over een aantal specifieke competenties moeten beschikken, namelijk het zorgproces uitvoeren in dialoog, bevorderen cliëntparticipatie en omgaan met spanningsvelden. Bij de competentie ‘Zorgproces in dialoog’ is samenwerking met de cliënt en gezamenlijke besluitvorming van belang; bij het ‘Bevorderen van cliëntparticipatie’ ondersteunt en motiveert de zorgverlener de cliënt om deel te nemen aan het zorgproces en bij het ‘Omgaan met spanningsvelden’, ten slotte, kan de professional omgaan met organisatorische en persoonlijke grenzen en met ethische dilemma’s.

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31-12-2011

Cliëntgecentreerde zorg binnen het multidisciplinaire pijnteam van Adelante

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Innovatie 3.0

Dit artikel is gewijd aan de kernbegrippen van dit themanummer: innoveren, ondernemen, globalisering en de relaties daartussen. Uiteenlopende invalshoeken en disciplines zijn nodig om die verbanden te duiden. Gebruikmakend van kennis over innovaties en innovatieprocessen laten zich verschillende typen innovaties schetsen. Door innoveren in historisch perspectief te plaatsen laat zich de relatie leggen naar globalisering. Economie en economische wetenschap maken het mogelijk om de relatie tussen innoveren en ondernemen te expliciteren. Sociale psychologie tenslotte helpt bij het beantwoorden van een hele praktische vraag: innoveren – hoe doe je dat?1

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31-12-2013

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De bal ligt bij u

De enige oplossing is dat het bedrijfsleven de maatschappelijke verantwoordelijkheid op zich neemt en samen met het onderwijs de uitdaging aangaat om dit probleem op te lossen. Dat moet verder gaan dan af en toe eens een gastcollege verzorgen. Er is een substantiële bijdrage nodig in de ontwikkeling van lesmateriaal en het bieden van stages en projecten, zodat studenten kunnen leren in de praktijk van alledag. De bal ligt niet bij de overheid. De bal ligt niet in Europa. De bal ligt bij u. Ik daag u uit!

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31-12-2012

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Designing eHealth interventions for children with complex care needs requires continuous stakeholder collaboration and co-creation

ObjectiveHospital-to-home (H2H) transitions challenge families of children with medical complexity (CMC) and healthcare professionals (HCP). This study aimed to gain deeper insights into the H2H transition process and to work towards eHealth interventions for its improvement, by applying an iterative methodology involving both CMC families and HCP as end-users.MethodsFor 20-weeks, the Dutch Transitional Care Unit consortium collaborated with the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, HCP, and CMC families. The agile SCREAM approach was used, merging Design Thinking methods into five iterative sprints to stimulate creativity, ideation, and design. Continuous communication allowed rapid adaptation to new information and the refinement of solutions for subsequent sprints.ResultsThis iterative process revealed three domains of care – care coordination, social wellbeing, and emotional support – that were important to all stakeholders. These domains informed the development of our final prototype, ‘Our Care Team’, an application tailored to meet the H2H transition needs for CMC families and HCP.ConclusionComplex processes like the H2H transition for CMC families require adaptive interventions that empower all stakeholders in their respective roles, to promote transitional care that is anticipatory, rather than reactive.InnovationA collaborative methodology is needed, that optimizes existing resources and knowledge, fosters innovation through collaboration while using creative digital design principles. This way, we might be able to design eHealth solutions with end-users, not just for them.

MULTIFILE

30-11-2024

Designing eHealth interventions for children with complex care needs requires continuous stakeholder collaboration and co-creation

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What works and why in the implementation of eRehabilitation after stroke - a process evaluation

Background: Implementation of an eRehabilitation intervention named Fit After Stroke @Home (Fast@home) – including cognitive/physical exercise applications, activity-tracking, psycho-education – after stroke resulted in health-related improvements. This study investigated what worked and why in the implementation. Methods: Implementation activities (information provision, integration of Fast@home, instruction and motivation) were performed for 14 months and evaluated, using the Medical Research Council framework for process evaluations which consists of three evaluation domains (implementation, mechanisms of impact and contextual factors). Implementation activities were evaluated by field notes/surveys/user data, it’s mechanisms of impact by surveys and contextual factors by field notes/interviews among 11 professionals. Surveys were conducted among 51 professionals and 73 patients. User data (n=165 patients) were extracted from the eRehabilitation applications. Results: Implementation activities were executed as planned. Of the professionals trained to deliver the intervention (33 of 51), 25 (75.8%) delivered it. Of the 165 patients, 82 (49.7%) were registered for Fast@home, with 54 patient (65.8%) using it. Mechanisms of impact showed that professionals and patients were equally satisfied with implementation activities (median score 7.0 [IQR 6.0–7.75] versus 7.0 [6.0–7.5]), but patients were more satisfied with the intervention (8.0 [IQR 7.0–8.0] versus 5.5 [4.0–7.0]). Guidance by professionals was seen as most impactful for implementation by patients and support of clinical champions and time given for training by professionals. Professionals rated the integration of Fast@home as insufficient. Contextual factors (financial cutbacks and technical setbacks) hampered the implementation. Conclusion: Main improvements of the implementation of eRehabilitation are related to professionals’ perceptions of the intervention, integration of eRehabilitation and contextual factors.

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21-06-2022

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How to improve eRehabilitation programs in stroke care?

Background: A user-centered design approach for eHealth interventions improves their effectiveness in stroke rehabilitation. Nevertheless, insight into requirements of end-users (patients/informal caregivers and/or health professionals) for eRehabilitation is lacking. The aim of this study was to identify end-user requirements for a comprehensive eHealth program in stroke rehabilitation. Methods: Eight focus groups were conducted to identify user requirements; six with patients/informal caregivers and two with health professionals involved in stroke rehabilitation (rehabilitation physicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, team coordinators, speech therapist). The focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed in full. Direct content analysis was used to identify the end-user requirements for stroke eHealth interventions concerning three categories: accessibility, usability and content. Results: In total, 45 requirements for the accessibility, usability and content of a stroke eRehabilitation program emerged from the focus groups. Most requirements concerned content (27 requirements), followed by usability (12 requirements) and accessibility (6 requirements). Patients/informal caregivers and health professionals each identified 37 requirements, respectively, with 29 of them overlapping. Conclusions: Requirements between stroke patients/informal caregivers and health professionals differed on several aspects. Therefore, involving the perspectives of all end users in the design process of stroke eRehabilitation programs is needed to achieve a user-centered design.

MULTIFILE

28-07-2019

How to improve eRehabilitation programs in stroke care?

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Why the uptake of eRehabilitation programs in stroke care is so difficult

The uptake of eRehabilitation programs in stroke care is insufficient, despite the growing availability. The aim of this study was to explore which factors influence the uptake of eRehabilitation in stroke rehabilitation, among stroke patients, informal caregivers, and healthcare professionals. A qualitative focus group study with eight focus groups (6–8 participants per group) was conducted: six with stroke patients/informal caregivers and two with healthcare professionals involved in stroke rehabilitation (rehabilitation physicians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, managers). Focus group interviews were audiotaped, transcribed in full, and analyzed by direct content analysis using the implementation model of Grol. Results Thirty-two patients, 15 informal caregivers, and 13 healthcare professionals were included. A total of 14 influencing factors were found, grouped to 5 of the 6 levels of the implementation model of Grol (Innovation, Organizational context, Individual patient, Individual professional, and Economic and political context). Most quotes of patients, informal caregivers, and healthcare professionals were classified to factors at the level of the Innovation (e.g., content, attractiveness, and feasibility of eRehabilitation programs). In addition, for patients, relatively many quotes were classified to factors at the level of the individual patient (e.g., patients characteristics as fatigue and the inability to understand ICT-devices), and for healthcare professionals at the level of the organizational context (e.g., having sufficient time and the fit with existing processes of care). Although there was a considerable overlap in reported factors between patients/informal caregivers and healthcare professionals when it concerns eRehabilitation as innovation, its seems that patients/informal caregivers give more emphasis to factors related to the individual patient, whereas healthcare professionals emphasize the importance of factors related to the organizational context. This difference should be considered when developing an implementation strategy for patients and healthcare professionals separately. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-018-0827-5

MULTIFILE

28-10-2018

Why the uptake of eRehabilitation programs in stroke care is so difficult

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Factors associated with willingness to use eRehabilitation after stroke

Objective: Despite the increasing availability of eRehabilitation, its use remains limited. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with willingness to use eRehabilitation. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Subjects: Stroke patients, informal caregivers, health-care professionals. Methods: The survey included personal characteristics, willingness to use eRehabilitation (yes/no) and barri-ers/facilitators influencing this willingness (4-point scale). Barriers/facilitators were merged into factors. The association between these factors and willingness to use eRehabilitation was assessed using logistic regression analyses. Results: Overall, 125 patients, 43 informal caregivers and 105 healthcare professionals participated in the study. Willingness to use eRehabilitation was positively influenced by perceived patient benefits (e.g. reduced travel time, increased motivation, better outcomes), among patients (odds ratio (OR) 2.68; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.34–5.33), informal caregivers (OR 8.98; 95% CI 1.70–47.33) and healthcare professionals (OR 6.25; 95% CI 1.17–10.48). Insufficient knowledge decreased willingness to use eRehabilitation among pa-tients (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.17–0.74). Limitations of the study include low response rates and possible response bias. Conclusion: Differences were found between patients/informal caregivers and healthcare professionals. Ho-wever, for both groups, perceived benefits of the use of eRehabilitation facilitated willingness to use eRehabili-tation. Further research is needed to determine the benefits of such programs, and inform all users about the potential benefits, and how to use eRehabilitation. Lay Abstract The use of digital eRehabilitation after stroke (e.g. in serious games, e-consultation and education) is increasing. However, the use of eRehabilitation in daily practice is limited. As a first step in increasing the use of eRehabilitation in stroke care, this study examined which factors influence the willingness of stroke patients, informal caregivers and healthcare professionals to use eRehabilitation. Beliefs about the benefits of eRehabilitation were found to have the largest positive impact on willingness to use eRehabilitation. These benefits included reduced travel time, increased adherence to therapy or motivation, and better health outcomes. The willingness to use eRehabilitation is limited by a lack of knowledge about how to use eRehabilitation.

MULTIFILE

14-08-2019

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How Expert Designers Design

Cliëntgecentreerde zorg binnen het multidisciplinaire pijnteam van Adelante

Innovatie 3.0

De bal ligt bij u

Designing eHealth interventions for children with complex care needs requires continuous stakeholder collaboration and co-creation

What works and why in the implementation of eRehabilitation after stroke - a process evaluation

How to improve eRehabilitation programs in stroke care?

Why the uptake of eRehabilitation programs in stroke care is so difficult

Factors associated with willingness to use eRehabilitation after stroke

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