The European Commission has selected the Northern Netherlands to become the leading European hydrogen region and supports establishment of a complete local (green) hydrogen ecosystem covering production, storage, distribution, refueling and final use of hydrogen (Cordis, H2Valley, 2019). In line with the European recognition, the Dutch government has set the goal to establish a hydrogen ecosystem by 2025 that would further expand to Western Europe by 2030. Yet before the European Union nominated the Northern Netherlands as European Hydrogen Valley, the key stakeholders in the Northern Netherlands – industry, SMEs, knowledge institutions and government – committed to the long-term cooperation in development of the green hydrogen market. Subsequently, the three regional governments of the Northern Netherlands, - Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe, - prepared the common Hydrogen Investment Agenda (2019), which was further elaborated in the common Hydrogen Investment Plan (2020). The latter includes investments amounting to over 9 billion euro, which is believed will secure some 66.000 existing jobs and help create between 25 thousands (in 2030) and 41 thousands (in 2050) new jobs.However, implementation of these ambitious plans to establish a hydrogen ecosystem of this scale will require not only investments into development of a new infrastructure or technological adaptation of present energy systems, e.g., pipelines, but also facilitation of economic transformation and securing the social support and acceptance. What are the prospects for the social support for the developing European Hydrogen Valley in the Northern Netherlands and its acceptance by inhabitants? The paper discusses the social support and acceptance aspects for a hydrogen ecosystem in the context of regional experiences of energy transition, including the concerns of energy justice, safety, and public trust that were raised in the recent past.
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This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs of the European Parliament. It analyses the political and legal dynamics behind referendums on EU-related matters. It argues that we have entered a period of increasing political uncertainty with regard to the European project and that this new political configuration will both affect and be affected by the politics of EU-related referendums. Such referendums have long been a risky endeavour and this has been accentuated in the wake of the Great Recession with its negative ramifications for public opinion in the European Union. It is clear that referendums on EU matters are here to stay and will continue to be central to the EU’s future as they are deployed to determine the number of Member States within the EU, its geographical reach, its constitutional evolution and adherence to EU policies. Only now they have become an even riskier endeavour.
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The project proposal focusses on the emerging phenomenon of Virtual Humans (VH) as a Key Enabling Technology (KET) for societal prosperity. The pending VH Research and Development (R&D) agenda (2024-2028) in the Midden-Brabant region addresses the actual and potential benefits of VH for society, as well as the associated risks and problems. This VH R&D agenda recently acquired external funding from the Dutch national government (the so-called Regiodeal Midden Brabant). The R&D work on VH for Broad Prosperity will be done by knowledge partners Breda University of Applied Sciences (BUas), Fontys, Tilburg University (TiU) in collaboration with societal partners in areas s.a. journalism, politics, health care and coordinated by MindLabs.With its expertise in game technology, immersive media and applied AI, BUas is one of the leading partners in the regional VH R&D agenda. However, the BUas VH R&D agenda and the MindLabs regional VH R&D agenda are not yet linked to the EU research and innovation agenda. BUas and partners recognize that they are not well connected yet to (potential) VH R&D partners and network organisations in the EU.
