Battery energy storage (BES) can provide many grid services, such as power flow management to reduce distribution grid overloading. It is desirable to minimise BES storage capacities to reduce investment costs. However, it is not always clear how battery sizing is affected by battery siting and power flow simultaneity (PFS). This paper describes a method to compare the battery capacity required to provide grid services for different battery siting configurations and variable PFSs. The method was implemented by modelling a standard test grid with artificial power flow patterns and different battery siting configurations. The storage capacity of each configuration was minimised to determine how these variables affect the minimum storage capacity required to maintain power flows below a given threshold. In this case, a battery located at the transformer required 10–20% more capacity than a battery located centrally on the grid, or several batteries distributed throughout the grid, depending on PFS. The differences in capacity requirements were largely attributed to the ability of a BES configuration to mitigate network losses. The method presented in this paper can be used to compare BES capacity requirements for different battery siting configurations, power flow patterns, grid services, and grid characteristics.
The SEEV4-City project, funded by the EU Interreg NSR Programme, aims to demonstrate electric mobility solutions, integrate renewable energy and encourage uptake in cities. Six Operational Pilots in four countries implement different levels of Smart Charging and V2X technology. The variation and complexity of the different OPs provide a number of valuable Lessons Learnt. Through a questionnaire and interviews, OP inputs and experiences were documented, and analysed. Key conclusions: V2X setups need to be tailor-made by unifying existing, yet not readily compatible components; it pays to know the V2X market; and there is no single, generic, universally-applicable V2X business model.
This research is commissioned by the professorship Novel Proteins: Insects and Fish, Healthy, Sustainable and Safe (INVIS) and conducted with the aim to investigate the constraints that hinder the uptake of insect-based feed in the Dutch finfish aquaculture branch and advise upon how to initiate a transition within the branch to adopt insect meal in fish feed widely. This is a underlying report of the webinar Insect culture in the Netherlands for feed and food on January 19, 2021.
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