What will a shopping street look like in 2025, when online shopping continues to show double-digit growth? And what will 3D printing do to factories and logistic companies, when we can ‘print’ more and more products at home or around the corner?The digital economy is one of the most pervasive game changers in cities. It creates and destroys, and affects the way cities function in many ways. But what is exactly the digital economy about? How big is it? Which types of transformation is it provoking in urban economies? And, importantly, what can local governments do to cope with the digital transition and foster sustainable urban development?
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Paper presented in the workshop 'SMEs, CSR and employment relations in a global economy' at the USE 2015 Conference, Groningen, Oct 21-23 2015European labour market integration has, unfortunately, also led to attempts at unfair competition on employment conditions s. Competitive pressures to lower labour costs can gradually lure to explore and (un)consciously cross the borders of fair competition into dubious to illegal practices. Next to workers who may not receive all the benefits they are entitled to, one other category of potential victims are ‘fair’ employers, as they may lose market share to ‘unfair’ employers that compete with lower prices based on unfair labour practices. State governance and legal prosecution are currently not able to effectively combat all such practices. In the Netherlands, in some problems apparently became severe enough that employers and other parties joined forces and developed self-regulation initiatives, such as a certification system. This paper explores this emerging field of practice. Section 2 presents an overview of a number of different emerging initatives in the Netherlands based on desk research, Section 3 explores one of those cases – from the mushroom -a bit more in depth based upon desk research and a number of interviews. Based upon this exploratory research, section 4 develops a conceptual framework that can be used to analyse them. Section 1 first discusses the underlying problem of unfair competition, and specifies the research question.
This book explores fundamental socio-economic trends that are radically changing perspectives on the relationship between people and the world around them. Focusing on the principles of sustainability, circularity and inclusivity, it illustrates how these trends form the breeding ground for a new economy embodying a logic of collectiveness.Expert contributors highlight six specific global developments that are contributing to societal transition: digitalization, circularity, the bio-based economy, sharing, self-production, and the internet of things and services. They demonstrate how these trends question the foundations and social contracts underlying the current linear economy. They identify a new generation of business models based on key features including intra-organisational collaboration, transparency, and high-level coordination to ensure economic developments contribute to a fair society. Through an analysis of how these trends may develop going forward, they provide innovative recommendations for strategy and policy development alongside a conceptual toolbox for realising the economy of the future.Framing the Economy of the Future is an essential resource for students and scholars of economics, business and sustainable development. It is also an invaluable guide for professionals in public administration and strategic management.
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A transition to a circular economy is needed to revolutionize the construction sector and make it more sustainable for present and future generations. While the construction industry and the production of construction materials contribute to environmental pollution, they also offer great potential for addressing many environmental problems. Sheet materials are engineered wood boards that are produced from recycled or solid wood where an adhesive is used to bind the particles together, predominantly used in: Furniture manufacturing, Flooring application, Roofing, Wall sheathing. The most common binder for boards is urea-formaldehyde. Other binders may be used depending on the grade of board and its intended end-use. For example, melamine urea-formaldehyde, phenolic resins and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) are generally used in boards that require improved moisture resistance. Formaldehyde is classified in the in the European Union as a carcinogen and it carries the hazard statement 'suspected of causing cancer'. In this project mycelium composites are developed as a formaldehyde-free, fully natural and biodegradable material with high potential to substitute these hazardous materials. The heat-press process, the feasibility of which was evaluated in a previous Kiem HBO project, is to be further developed towards a process where mycelium sheets with different thicknesses will be obtained. This is considered as a fundamental step to increase the material approachability to the market. Different Material manufacturing techniques are also considered to enable the increase of sample thicknesses and volume. Moreover, a business study will be incorporated to allow further understanding of the material market potential. The consortium composition of V8 Architects, QbiQ, Fairm, Verbruggen Paddestoelen BV, and CoEBBE merges different expertise and guarantees the consideration of the whole material production chain. The research will contribute to bring mycelium composites a step closer to the market, giving them visibility and increasing the possibility to a commercial breakthrough.
Mycelium composites are a promising new class of sustainable and circular building materials. These composites consist of lignocellulosic fibres that are colonized by mycelium (root network) of fungi. The fungal network functions as a natural glue for the fibres, resulting in foam-like materials with thermo-insulating properties. After heat-pressing, these materials show characteristics similar to particle board (Appel, 2019). However, one of the issues with these materials is their low wet strength, and their overall moisture sensitivity. For Fairm, a start-up company in mycelium composites, this is a limiting factor in their way to the market, hence they approached Avans Centre of Expertise Biobased Economy with the request to collaborate in research to make mycelium more water-resistant. One of the promising routes to address the Fairm’s request is acetylation, which is a proven technology for improving the water-resistance and durability of wood. Accsys, is a leading manufacturer of durable and sustainable wood products via an acetylation process, Therefore, Accsys was invited to join in the consortium to provide advice in acetylation and industrial views on manufacturing. They are interested on sustainable material innovation and the mycelium products can be interesting addition to their product lines. Forest Living, a company developing modular homes based on constructive insulation panels complements the consortium with their expertise on the new sustainable building technology. Their wish is to replace the currently used panels based on fossil based materials, with sustainable materials such as mycelium composites. Forest living will participate in the evaluation of the developed products for building applications In this project the partners combine their know-how on production of mycelium composites, acetylation and the use of the materials with the aim to create an improved mycelium composite, as a sustainable, innovative building material, suitable for insulation and for non-constructive interior uses.
