The need for excess weight gain prevention in disadvantaged young children is widely recognised. Early Childhood Education and Care teachers are potential key actors in early interventions to prevent overweight and obesity. This study examines the effects of a preschool-based intervention for teachers in promoting healthy eating and physical activity in young children. A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted at 41 preschools in a deprived area of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The intervention consisted of 2 programmes that were applied in succession: A Healthy Start and PLAYgrounds for TODdlers. The study period was 9 months. Primary outcomes were assessed via questionnaires and included teachers’ knowledge, attitude, food/activity-related practices, and level of confidence in promoting healthy behaviours. Secondary outcomes in this study were teachers’ and children’s BMI (z-score), body composition, dietary intake and physical activity level. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed using linear mixed models. In total, 115 teachers and 249 children (mean age 3.0 (0.2) years) were included. A positive effect on teachers’ knowledge about the Dutch dietary guidelines was found after the programme A Healthy Start (difference = 1.38; 1-sided 95% CL = 0.29; p = 0.02). This effect was not sustained at 9 months (difference = 0.34; 1-sided 95% CL = -0.76; p = 0.31). The overall intervention had a positive effect on 3 of the 5 attitude statements regarding a healthy lifestyle (difference ranged from 0.34 to 0.55) and on the practice scale Activity-related-Modelling (difference = 0.16; 1-sided 95% CL = 0.06; p = 0.01). No intervention effects were observed on food-related practice scales and the level of confidence in promoting healthy behaviours. At this stage, no effects were seen on teachers’ and children’s BMI (z-score). This study contributes to the professional development of Early Childhood Education and Care teachers and addresses the call for interventions to prevent overweight/obesity and to minimise health inequalities in young children.
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Background: App-based mobile health exercise interventions can motivate individuals to engage in more physical activity (PA). According to the Fogg Behavior Model, it is important that the individual receive prompts at the right time to be successfully persuaded into PA. These are referred to as just-in-time (JIT) interventions. The Playful Active Urban Living (PAUL) app is among the first to include 2 types of JIT prompts: JIT adaptive reminder messages to initiate a run or walk and JIT strength exercise prompts during a walk or run (containing location-based instruction videos). This paper reports on the feasibility of the PAUL app and its JIT prompts.Objective: The main objective of this study was to examine user experience, app engagement, and users' perceptions and opinions regarding the PAUL app and its JIT prompts and to explore changes in the PA behavior, intrinsic motivation, and the perceived capability of the PA behavior of the participants.Methods: In total, 2 versions of the closed-beta version of the PAUL app were evaluated: a basic version (Basic PAUL) and a JIT adaptive version (Smart PAUL). Both apps send JIT exercise prompts, but the versions differ in that the Smart PAUL app sends JIT adaptive reminder messages to initiate running or walking behavior, whereas the Basic PAUL app sends reminder messages at randomized times. A total of 23 participants were randomized into 1 of the 2 intervention arms. PA behavior (accelerometer-measured), intrinsic motivation, and the perceived capability of PA behavior were measured before and after the intervention. After the intervention, participants were also asked to complete a questionnaire on user experience, and they were invited for an exit interview to assess user perceptions and opinions of the app in depth.Results: No differences in PA behavior were observed (Z=-1.433; P=.08), but intrinsic motivation for running and walking and for performing strength exercises significantly increased (Z=-3.342; P<.001 and Z=-1.821; P=.04, respectively). Furthermore, participants increased their perceived capability to perform strength exercises (Z=2.231; P=.01) but not to walk or run (Z=-1.221; P=.12). The interviews indicated that the participants were enthusiastic about the strength exercise prompts. These were perceived as personal, fun, and relevant to their health. The reminders were perceived as important initiators for PA, but participants from both app groups explained that the reminder messages were often not sent at times they could exercise. Although the participants were enthusiastic about the functionalities of the app, technical issues resulted in a low user experience.Conclusions: The preliminary findings suggest that the PAUL apps are promising and innovative interventions for promoting PA. Users perceived the strength exercise prompts as a valuable addition to exercise apps. However, to be a feasible intervention, the app must be more stable.
Despite decades of residence, Turkish-Dutch citizens, one of the largest immigrant groups in the Netherlands, continue to face significant disparities in health, social, and economic factors compared to native Dutch citizens. To better understand this persistent disparity, we examined the acculturation process of Turkish-Dutch citizens across three generations. Our study addressed two critical research gaps: (1) acculturation processes across three generations within a specific immigrant group, and (2) different acculturation domains across these generations. Data from 464 participants (232 Turkish-Dutch, 232 Dutch) show that acculturation varies significantly across generations (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) and domains (i.e., national identification, cultural values, language, and media use), with the second generation demonstrating the strongest resemblance to native Dutch citizens in most domains. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of acculturation processes and confirm the need for future research to consider generational differences and domain-specificity. The results have potential implications for policymakers and practitioners aiming to reduce disparities of Turkish-Dutch citizens with tailored policy and communication strategies.
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Eind 2022 woonden in Nederland 17.652 kinderen in een pleeggezin. Van alle pleegzorgplaatsingen betrof 46% een plaatsing in het eigen netwerk van het pleegkind, dat meestal de eigen familie is. Bij deze familieplaatsingen hebben kinderen vaker met loyaliteitsconflicten te maken vanwege complexe familierelaties dan bij plaatsingen buiten hun familie(netwerk). Familiebanden blijken een bijzondere kracht en veerkracht in familieplaatsingen: ‘Eigen bloed is het waard om voor te vechten’ (pleegzorgwerker, Van de Koot et al., 2023). Hoewel familiepleegzorg een veelbelovende vorm van pleegzorg is qua stabiliteit en vertrouwdheid voor het kind, zorgen de intergenerationele familiebanden voor meer conflicten, hoogoplopende emoties en specifieke spanningen. Hierdoor stellen familieplaatsingen de betrokken pleegzorgwerkers vaak voor uitdagingen. Vaak verblijft het kind al in het (familie)pleeggezin voordat de pleegzorgwerker betrokken raakt en kunnen er zorgen bestaan over de veiligheid van het kind. Familieplaatsing in pleegzorg vraagt daarom van pleegzorgwerkers bijzondere kennis en vaardigheden over: 1) het begeleiden van de plaatsing van het pleegkind, en 2) het begeleiden van de familierelaties. Daarover is enerzijds meer onderzoek nodig in de sterke punten en belemmeringen van familiepleegzorg, alsmede de behoeften van pleegkinderen, hun ouders en pleegouders. Anderzijds is het van belang inzicht te krijgen in de vaardigheden, hulpmiddelen en werkvormen die pleegzorgwerkers nodig hebben om deze specifieke vorm van pleegzorg te begeleiden, zodat familieplaatsingen duurzaam en stabiel blijven en/of worden. Dit onderzoek beoogt antwoord te geven op de volgende vraag ‘Hoe kunnen pleegzorgwerkers het pleegkind en zijn pleegouders, ouders en mogelijke andere familieleden gedurende familieplaatsingen zo begeleiden dat de relaties rondom het pleegkind van dusdanige aard zijn dat de loyaliteit van het kind naar alle voor hem belangrijke familieleden mag uitgaan?’. Het consortium beoogt dat potentieel veelbelovende plaatsingen voor kinderen minder vaak in breakdown eindigen, maar dat het kind relationele stabiliteit en welzijn ervaart.
To treat microbial infections, antibiotics are life-saving but the increasing antimicrobial resistance is a World-wide problem. Therefore, there is a great need for novel antimicrobial substances. Fruit and flower anthocyanins have been recognized as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. How-ever, for future application as innovative alternative antibiotics, the full potential of anthocyanins should be further investigated. The antimicrobial potential of anthocyanin mixtures against different bacterial species has been demonstrated in literature. Preliminary experiments performed by our laboratories, using grape, rose and red cabbage anthocyanins against S. aureus and E. coli confirmed the antimicrobial potential of these substances. Hundreds of different anthocyanin entities have been described. However, which of these entities hold antimicrobial effects is currently unknown. Our preliminary data show that an-thocyanins extracted from grape, rose and red cabbage contain different collections of anthocyanin entities with differential antimicrobial efficacies. Our focus is on the extraction and characterization of anthocyanins from various crop residues. Grape peels are residues in the production of wine, while red rose and tulip leaves are residues in the production of tulip bulbs and regular horticulture. The presence of high-grade substances for pharmacological purposes in these crops may provide an innovative strategy to add value to other-wise invaluable crop residues. This project will be performed by the collaborative effort of our institute together with the Medi-cal Microbiology department of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 'Wijnstaete', a small-scale wine-producer (Lemelerveld) and Imenz Bioengineering (Groningen), a company that develops processes to improve the production of biobased chemicals from waste products. Within this project, we will focus on the antimicrobial efficacy of anthocyanin-mixtures from sources that are abundantly and locally available as a residual waste product. The project is part of a larger re-search effect to further characterize, modify and study the antimicrobial effects of specific anthocy-anin entities.
“Authentieke Vanille uit de kas” richt zich op het ontwikkelen van producten en praktische richtlijnen voor glastelers voor een hogere opbrengst van in de kas geteelde Vanillepeulen uit gezonde planten met meer Vanille en een authentieke geur en smaak. Het hiervoor benodigde onderzoek staat onder leiding van het lectoraat Biodiversiteit en Generade, het Center of Expertise Genomics van Hogeschool Leiden. In het project participeren kennisinstellingen, MKB-bedrijven uit de tuinbouw en bedrijven met expertise in chemie, bodemverbetering en genomics. Het project bestaat uit vier deelonderzoeken: 1. Het bestuivingsonderzoek richt zich op ontwikkeling van een instrument voor optimale overdracht van pollen in Vanillebloemen. 2. Een inventarisatie van het microbioom in Vanilleplanten en -peulen in het wild uit het regenwoud in Costa Rica, plantages op Reunion en Nederlandse kassen zal meer inzicht geven in de correlatie tussen de samenstelling van deze microben en het Vanillegehalte van de peulen en hun lokale geur en smaak. De inventarisatie zal gedaan worden met Next Generation DNA metabarcoding van markers ontwikkeld voor schimmels en bacterieen. 3. Daarnaast richt het onderzoek zich op de fermentatie van de Vanillepeul. Er zal worden onderzocht welke combinatie van microben leidt tot productie van een zo hoog mogelijk gehalte aan precursors van Vanille in groene peulen en een authentieke geur en smaak. Dit wordt gedaan met een combinatie van experimenteel teeltonderzoek en chemische analyses. 4. Momenteel wordt aantasting door schimmels en virussen in de kas met de hand verwijderd. Deze behandeling is kostbaar maar voor biologische teelt de enige optie. Een vierde pijler van het onderzoek zal daarom gericht zijn op de verbetering van het substraat. Met behulp van experimenteel onderzoek zal worden nagegaan welke mix aan microben in het substraat nodig is voor bescherming tegen aantasting door kwaadaardige schimmels.
