Over the last two decades, institutions for higher education such as universities and colleges have rapidly expanded and as a result have experienced profound changes in processes of research and organization. However, the rapid expansion and change has fuelled concerns about issues such as educators' technology professional development. Despite the educational value of emerging technologies in schools, the introduction has not yet enjoyed much success. Effective use of information and communication technologies requires a substantial change in pedagogical practice. Traditional training and learning approaches cannot cope with the rising demand on educators to make use of innovative technologies in their teaching. As a result, educational institutions as well as the public are more and more aware of the need for adequate technology professional development. The focus of this paper is to look at action research as a qualitative research methodology for studying technology professional development in HE in order to improve teaching and learning with ICTs at the tertiary level. The data discussed in this paper have been drawn from a cross institutional setting at Fontys University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands. The data were collected and analysed according to a qualitative approach.
Voor hun ontwikkeling is het belangrijk dat kinderen greep krijgen op de moderne digitale leefwereld. Deze wereld heeft veel kenmerken van een black box. Mindtools zijn computertoepassingen die kunnen helpen de black box te openen. Ze stimuleren kinderen actief reflecterend te leren met en over digitale technologie. Een Robotic Direct Manipulation Environment (DME) is een mindtool waarmee leerlingen een werkende robot maken en al doende denkvaardigheden activeren om conceptuele kennis te ontwikkelen. De leerlingen krijgen en realistischer beeld van de plaats en mogelijkheden van moderne technologie. Terwijl ze probleemtaken oplossen activeren ze allerlei denkvaardigheden en ontwikkelen conceptuele kennis.
This study investigates what pupils aged 10-12 can learn from working with robots, assuming that understanding robotics is a sign of technological literacy. We conducted cognitive and conceptual analysis to develop a frame of reference for determining pupils' understanding of robotics. Four perspectives were distinguished with increasing sophistication; psychological, technological, function, and controlled system. Using Lego Mindstorms NXT robots, as an example of a Direct Manipulation Environment, we developed and conducted a lesson plan to investigate pupils' reasoning patterns. There is ample evidence that pupils have little difficulty in understanding that robots are man-made technological and functional artifacts. Pupils' understanding of the controlled system concept, more specifically the complex sense-reason-act loop that is characteristic of robotics, can be fostered by means of problem solving tasks. The results are discussed with respect to pupils' developing technological literacy and the possibilities for teaching and learning in primary education.
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