In this paper we research the following question: What motivational factors relate, in which degree, to intentions on compliance to ISP and how could these insights be utilized to promote endusers compliance within a given organization? The goal of this research is to provide more insight in the motivational factors applicable to ISP and their influence on end-user behavior, thereby broadening knowledge regarding information systems security behaviors in organizations from the viewpoint of non-malicious abuse and offer a theoretical explanation and empirical support. The outcomes are also useful for practitioners to complement their security training and awareness programs, in the end helping enterprises better effectuate their information security policies. In this study an instrument is developed that can be used in practice to measure an organizational context on the effects of six motivational factors recognized. These applicable motivational factors are determined from literature and subsequently evaluated and refined by subject matter experts. A survey is developed, tested in a pilot, refined and conducted within four organizations. From the statistical analysis, findings are reported and conclusions on the hypothesis are drawn. Recommended Citation Straver, Peter and Ravesteyn, Pascal (2018) "End-users Compliance to the Information Security Policy: A Comparison of Motivational Factors," Communications of the IIMA: Vol. 16 : Iss. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/ciima/vol16/iss4/1
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Motivational Interviewing (MI) can effectively stimulate motivation for health behavior change, but the active ingredients of MI are not well known. To help clinicians further stimulate motivation, they need to know the active ingredients of MI. A psychometrically sound instrument is required to identify those ingredients. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate the capability of existing instruments to reliably measure one or more potential active ingredients in the MI process between clients and MI-therapists.
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Motivational interviewing (MI) may be an effective intervention to improve medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. However, for this patient group, mixed results have been found in randomized controlled trials. Furthermore, the process of becoming (more) motivated for long-term medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia is largely unexplored
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Background: For patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), smoking is an important risk factor for the recurrence of a cardiovascular event. Motivational interviewing (MI) may increase the motivation of the smokers to stop smoking. Data on MI for smoking cessation in patients with CAD are limited, and the active ingredients and working mechanisms of MI in smoking cessation are largely unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to explore active ingredients and working mechanisms of MI for smoking cessation in smokers with CAD, shortly after a cardiovascular event. Methods: We conducted a qualitative multiple case study of 24 patients with CAD who participated in a randomized trial on lifestyle change. One hundred and nine audio-recorded MI sessions were coded with a combination of the sequential code for observing process exchanges (SCOPE) and the motivational interviewing skill code (MISC). The analysis of the cases consisted of three phases: single case analysis, cross-case analysis, and cross-case synthesis. In a quantitative sequential analysis, we calculated the transition probabilities between the use of MI techniques by the coaches and the subsequent patient statements concerning smoking cessation. Results: In 12 cases, we observed ingredients that appeared to activate the mechanisms of change. Active ingredients were compositions of behaviors of the coaches (e.g., supporting self-efficacy and supporting autonomy) and patient reactions (e.g., in-depth self-exploration and change talk), interacting over large parts of an MI session. The composition of active ingredients differed among cases, as the patient process and the MI-coaching strategy differed. Particularly, change talk and self-efficacy appeared to stimulate the mechanisms of change “arguing oneself into change” and “increasing self-efficacy/confidence.”
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Artikel proefschrift Jos Dobber verschenen in Frontiers in Psychiatry 24 maart 2020: Background: Trials studying Motivational Interviewing (MI) to improve medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia showed mixed results. Moreover, it is unknown which active MI-ingredients are associated with mechanisms of change in patients with schizophrenia. To enhance the effect of MI for patients with schizophrenia, we studied MI's active ingredients and its working mechanisms. Methods: First, based on MI literature, we developed a model of potential active ingredients and mechanisms of change of MI in patients with schizophrenia. We used this model in a qualitative multiple case study to analyze the application of the active ingredients and the occurrence of mechanisms of change. We studied the cases of fourteen patients with schizophrenia who participated in a study on the effect of MI on medication adherence. Second, we used the Generalized Sequential Querier (GSEQ 5.1) to perform a sequential analysis of the MI-conversations aiming to assess the transitional probabilities between therapist use of MI-techniques and subsequent patient reactions in terms of change talk and sustain talk. Results: We found the therapist factor “a trusting relationship and empathy” important to enable sufficient depth in the conversation to allow for the opportunity of triggering mechanisms of change. The most important conversational techniques we observed that shape the hypothesized active ingredients are reflections and questions addressing medication adherent behavior or intentions, which approximately 70% of the time was followed by “patient change talk”. Surprisingly, sequential MI-consistent therapist behavior like “affirmation” and “emphasizing control” was only about 6% of the time followed by patient change talk. If the active ingredients were embedded in more comprehensive MI-strategies they had more impact on the mechanisms of change. Conclusions: Mechanisms of change mostly occurred after an interaction of active ingredients contributed by both therapist and patient. Our model of active ingredients and mechanisms of change enabled us to see “MI at work” in the MI-sessions under study, and this model may help practitioners to shape their MI-strategies to a potentially more effective MI.
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OBJECTIVES: To study (i) the association of general self-efficacy (GSE) on the course of subjective (i.e. basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs and IADLs) and objective physical performance outcomes (short physical performance battery (SPPB)) among older persons from discharge up to 3 months post-discharge and (ii) the extent to whether motivational factors such as depressive symptoms, apathy and fatigue mediate this association.METHODS: Prospective multi-centre cohort of acutely hospitalised patients aged ≥70 (Hospital-ADL study). Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the structural relationships.RESULTS: The analytic sample included 236 acutely hospitalised patients. GSE had a significant total effect on the course of subjective and objective performance outcomes (ADLs: β = -0.21, P < 0.001, IADLs: β = -0.24, P < 0.001 and SPPB: β = 0.17, P < 0.001). However, when motivational factors as mediator were included into the same model, motivational factors (IADLs: β = 0.51, P < 0.001; SPPB: β = 0.49, P < 0.001) but not GSE remained significantly associated with IADLs (β = -0.06, P = 0.16) and SPPB (β = 0.002, P = 0.97). Motivational factors partially mediated the relationship between GSE and ADLs (β = -0.09, P = 0.04). The percentage of mediation was 55, 74 and 99% for ADLs, IADLs and SPPB, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Motivational factors and GSE are both associated with subjective and objective performance outcomes. However, the relationship between GSE and subjective and objective performance outcomes was highly mediated by motivational factors. Taken together, this suggests that GSE is important to being physically active but not sufficient to becoming more physical active in acutely hospitalised older patients; motivation is important to improving both subjective and objective performance.
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PURPOSE: The current article provides a description of the construction process of a short questionnaire that measures patients' experiences with a motivational interviewing consultation by a (sports) counselor in rehabilitation. Subsequently, results from confirmatory factor analyses are presented to investigate a first perspective on factorial construct validity of the questionnaire.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on motivational interviewing literature, an initial item pool was created. All items were critically reviewed, resulting in the new "Evaluation of Motivational Interviewing Consultation on Active Lifestyle and Sports" questionnaire. The final items were determined by a confirmatory factor analysis based on 890 completed questionnaires.RESULTS: The initial 26-item questionnaire consisted of four inter-correlated subscales. Factor analyses underpinned the proposed factors: acceptance, evocation, partnership, and non-adherent. After removing six items, an alternative model remained and showed an acceptable model fit. The internal consistency of the subscales derived varied from 0.70 to 0.90.CONCLUSION: The shortened questionnaire provides a feasible and easy to administer tool and may provide a cost saving method of assessing motivational interviewing fidelity from a patient's perspective in disability and rehabilitation. Implications for rehabilitation Many persons with a physical disability do not obtain the recommended amount of physical activity in order to maintain health. Stimulation of a physically active lifestyle through motivational interviewing is promising. Measuring motivational interviewing treatment fidelity is time consuming and often from a counselor's perspective. We developed a short questionnaire facilitating the assessment of treatment fidelity at the side of the client. Our questionnaire provides a feasible and easy to administer tool for assessing MI fidelity in daily rehabilitation practice.
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Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study examines the explanatory role of students' perceived need satisfaction and need frustration in the relationship between performance grading (versus non-grading) and students' motivation and fear in a real-life educational physical education setting. Grading consisted of teacher judgments of students' performances through observations, based on pre-defined assessment criteria. Thirty-one classes with 409 students (Mage = 14.7) from twenty-seven Flemish (Belgian) secondary schools completed questionnaires measuring students' perceived motivation, fear and psychological need satisfaction and frustration, after two lessons: one with and one without performance grading. After lessons including performance grading, students reported less intrinsic motivation and identified regulation, and more external regulation, amotivation and fear. As expected, less need satisfaction accounted for (i.e., mediated) the relationship between performance grading and self-determined motivational outcomes. Need frustration explained the relationship between performance grading and intrinsic motivation, as well as less self-determined motivational outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Op 28 augustus 2014 heb ik een 'oral presentation' gegeven op het European Health Psychology Society congres te Innsbruck. De abstract van het artikel die ik gepresenteerd heb is gepubliceerd op de website van EHPS (zie bijgevoegd de link) The aim was to quantify the relationship between behavioural determinants and dental health behaviour among 9-18 year old children. Methods: Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE. In total 25 studies were included, which addressed 16 variables. A weighted average effect size correlation (WAES r) was calculated per determinant and dental health behaviour. According to Cohen (1988) effect sizes can be considered as small (r = 0.10), medium (r = 0.30) and large (r = 0.50). Findings: All WAES r’s were significant and revealed a positive relation between determinant and dental health behaviour. Large effects were found for coping planning and self-efficacy. Medium-to-large effects were found for the determinants: intention, affective attitude, and action planning. The WAES r was small-to-medium effects were found for: social norms, cognitive attitude, knowledge, parental oral health behaviour and parental cognitions. Discussion: Although the number of studies focusing on volitional factors are limited, the overall findings highlight the importance of volitional factors, rather than knowledge or motivational factors in explaining dental health behaviour. Refbacks There are currently no refbacks.
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Abstract The main purpose of this intervention was to measure student’s motivation in English Literature before and after an intervention based Zoltán Dörnyei’s Motivational Self System (2009) and Michael Magid’s (2011) application of the same theory in schools in Singapore. The present intervention was adapted to the students of the Dutch secondary school CLV (Christian Lyceum Veenendaal) in Veenendaal using fragments of English Literature (books, films, poems and songs). The intervention was carried out during eight lessons of fifty minutes where students had to participate in a variety of activities, all registered in a workbook assigned to each student at the beginning of the research project. Prior to and after the intervention, students filled in a questionnaire on motivation and English Literature. The results of these questionnaires were analysed with SPSS running descriptive statistical analysis. Along with these analyses, the timelines and life trees made by the students during the lessons and students’ answers given to the exercises on the workbooks were evaluated and compared. One of the most important conclusions of the intervention was that female students were more motivated, could make action plans and set goals easier and more detailed than male students. Another important result was that students in general had no interest in English Literature, although they realised it can be influential in their future life. The affective attitude of students to- wards the teacher and materials increased after the intervention, as well as students’ confidence in their own effort during class. However, the construct validity between the quantitative and qualitative data could not be established due to the fact that gender was not included as variable in the questionnaire. Gender relevancy became visible after the analyses of the workbooks. Therefore, future research will have to focus on including gender as a variable in the questionnaire in order to establish solid relations between quantitative and qualitative data. Another interesting research question for future interventions could be how to adapt English Literature and the materials that are being used in a way that both female and male students can tap into their own intrinsic motivational current.
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