Scrum is increasingly becoming an essential product development methodology for project education in modern curricula, however, individually assessing students that work in scrum projects as applied in the professional work field remains extremely challenging until date. In scrum, students team up in order to deliver high-quality products in projects that are directed to real business stakeholders in order to enhance professional productivity and allow for flexibility to product requirements. Our new standard adds up to this methodology in three ways. First, we propose to represent the common language that is relevant to stakeholders, product owners and development teams in terms of epic, user story and task such that team members from different backgrounds learn to comprehend together. Second, we propose a two-stage task allocation approach in which, first, learning outcomes for a course that are set in education designs are preliminary mapped by the lecturer to abstract, state-of-the-art, tasks that are commonly relevant in the expert domain, and, then, concrete tasks for the project at hand are placed on project scrum boards by students during scrum sprint plannings in the course run. Third, we propose to assess scrum teams both at group and individual student level. For the individual grading, we define a novel concept of task balance that we consequently measure inside teams. With the aid of automated tools, the standard has been successfully applied and operationalised in various course runs of our multidisciplinary master where it has proven to be effective in assigning individual grades when needed.
MULTIFILE
AbstractObjective: Many older individuals receive rehabilitation in an out-of-hospital setting (OOHS) after acute hospitalization; however, its effect onmobility and unplanned hospital readmission is unclear. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on this topic.Data Sources: Medline OVID, Embase OVID, and CINAHL were searched from their inception until February 22, 2018.Study Selection: OOHS (ie, skilled nursing facilities, outpatient clinics, or community-based at home) randomized trials studying the effect ofmultidisciplinary rehabilitation were selected, including those assessing exercise in older patients (mean age 65y) after discharge from hospitalafter an acute illness.Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently selected the studies, performed independent data extraction, and assessed the risk of bias.Outcomes were pooled using fixed- or random-effect models as appropriate. The main outcomes were mobility at and unplanned hospitalreadmission within 3 months of discharge.Data Synthesis: A total of 15 studies (1255 patients) were included in the systematic review and 12 were included in the meta-analysis (7assessing mobility using the 6-minute walk distance [6MWD] test and 7 assessing unplanned hospital readmission). Based on the 6MWD, patientsreceiving rehabilitation walked an average of 23 m more than controls (95% confidence interval [CI]Z: 1.34 to 48.32; I2: 51%). Rehabilitationdid not lower the 3-month risk of unplanned hospital readmission (risk ratio: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.73-1.19; I2: 34%). The risk of bias was present,mainly due to the nonblinded outcome assessment in 3 studies, and 7 studies scored this unclearly.Conclusion: OOHS-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation leads to improved mobility in older patients 3 months after they are discharged fromhospital following an acute illness and is not associated with a lower risk of unplanned hospital readmission within 3 months of discharge.However, the wide 95% CIs indicate that the evidence is not robust.
With the rise of chronic diseases as the number one cause of death and disability among urban populations, it has become increasingly important to design for healthy environments. There is, however, a lack of interdisciplinary approaches and solutions to improve health and well-being through urban planning and design. This case study offers an HCI solution and approach to design for healthy urban structures and dynamics in existing neighborhoods. We discuss the design process and design of ROOT, an interactive lighting system that aims to stimulate walking and running through supportive, collaborative and social interaction.
