Van oorsprong worden televisieprogramma’s op een lineaire manier aangeboden aan kijkers: een omroep bepaalt in welke volgorde programma’s worden getoond. Dit verandert echter langzaam. Ondemand mogelijkheden via internet en settopboxen zorgen ervoor dat kijkers zelf kunnen bepalen wanneer ze welk programma willen kijken. De Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (NPO) speelt op die mogelijkheden in met onder meer de dienst Uitzending Gemist, een NPOapplicatie voor mobiele apparaten en verschillende themakanalen. Eén van die themakanalen is NPO Spirit. Ze biedt via internet ondemand video’s aan op het gebied van levensbeschouwing, spiritualiteit en diversiteit. Het aanbod is zo pluriform mogelijk. Dat wil zeggen dat verschillende religies en levensbeschouwingen naast elkaar worden aangeboden. NPO Spirit formuleert haar propositie dan ook als volgt: “NPO Spirit laat de kijker genieten en brengt op toegankelijke wijze (nieuwe) inzichten!" De uiteindelijke doelstelling van dit project is om méér mensen en meer verschillende groepen te bereiken. Het eindresultaat bestaat uit (1) een specifiek overzicht voor NPO Spirit van relevante trefwoorden, groepen ( hubs ) en sleutelfiguren ( influencers ) op internet, en (2) een algemene werkwijze om vanuit een organisatie of merk te bepalen welke groepen, trefwoorden en sleutelfiguren op het internet relevant zijn. Dit moet ertoe leiden dat NPO Spirit beter in staat raakt om video’s naar consumenten ‘toe te brengen’.
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Academic libraries collect process and preserve and provide access to unique collections insupport of teaching, learning and research. Digitisation of local history collections has beenundertaken as a way to preserving fragile materials and promoting access. On the other hadsocial networking tools provide new ways of providing access to various collections to awider audience. The purpose of the study was to explore how local history collections arepromoted using social media in Uganda. An environmental scan of cultural heritageinstitutions in Uganda with a social media initiative was conducted. A case study of HistoryIn Progress Uganda project is reported in the paper. The project is chosen based on the levelof activity and ability to provide different approaches and practices in using social mediaplatforms. Findings revealed varying levels of activity. Nevertheless, there still existchallenges of promoting access to local history collections. The paper offers insights into thenature and scope of activity in promoting local history collections in Uganda.
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Entrepreneurial ecosystems, and the actors within, are a core factor in fostering entrepreneurial activity in regions (Brush et al., 2019). Business networks are one of the entrepreneurial ecosystems element and key in socially embedding entrepreneurs. The extent to which an entrepreneur is embedded in business networks and relationships, and how these networks and relationships shape their entrepreneurial behavior and outcomes (Jack & Anderson, 2002; Wigren-Kristoferson et al., 2022). However, there is growing evidence that business networks and the embedding process is gendered, mostly to the detriment of women (Murnieks et al., 2020; Brush et al., 2018; McAdam, 2019). These gendered experiences by women entrepreneurs have prompted the emergence of women-only business networks across Europe (Williams & McGregor, 2021). Such networks seek to offer a platform for women entrepreneurs to connect, reduce feelings of isolation, enhance their gender capital, bolster their confidence, and augment their legitimacy (McAdam, 2019). Emerging literature has shown that women-only networks are a double-edged sword: one the one hand they can lead to multiple positive outcomes for women entrepreneurs, including network growth, enhanced access to financing, and improved credibility (McAdam et al., 2019; Woodwark et al., 2021; Williams & McGregor, 2021). On the other hand, these networks can lead to multiple negative outcomes for women entrepreneurs. Examples are that these networks have no adequate consideration of broader factors, limiting women’s access to other ecosystem networks (Harrison et al, 2020; Marlow & Martinez Dy, 2019). In addition, women-only networks may also exert negative effects on symbolic capital and the legitimacy of their participants, and that women entrepreneurs active in such networks exhibit less strategic networking behaviours compared to their counterparts in mixed-gender networks (McAdam, 2019). In short, women-only networks both reinforce and challenge gender structures (Roos, 2019), making many women entrepreneurs struggle to decide whether and how to engage with women-only business networks, and many participate in both (Woodwark et al., 2021). Therefore, this paper aims to understand and answer the research question what women-only networks mean in the embedding process of women entrepreneurs in their access to resources in a broader ecosystem in comparison to mixed business networks.
