Control methods are applied worldwide to reduce predation on livestock by European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Lethal methods can inflict suffering; however, moral debate about their use is lacking. Non-lethal methods can also inflict suffering and can unintentionally lead to death, and yet both the welfare consequences and ethical perspectives regarding their use are rarely discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate the animal welfare consequences, the level of humaneness, the ethical considerations and the moral implications of the global use of fox control methods according to Tom Regan’s animal rights view and Peter Singer’s utilitarian view. According to Regan, foxes ought not to be controlled by either lethal or potentially harmful non-lethal methods because this violates the right of foxes not to be harmed or killed. According to Singer, if an action maximises happiness or the satisfaction of preferences over unhappiness or suffering, then the action is justified. Therefore, if and only if the use of fox control methods can prevent suffering and death in livestock in a manner that outweighs comparable suffering and death in foxes is one morally obligated t
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The recent shift towards the interdisciplinary study of the human-environment relationship is largely driven by environmental justice debates. This article will distinguish four types of environmental justice and link them to questions of neoliberalism and altruism. First, environmental justice seeks to redress inequitable distribution of environmental burdens to vulnerable groups and economically disadvantaged populations. Second, environmental justice highlights the developed and developing countries’ unequal exposure to environmental risks and benefits. Third, temporal environmental justice refers to the issues associated with intergenerational justice or concern for future generations of humans. In all three cases, environmental justice entails equitable distribution of burdens and benefits to different nations or social groups. By contrast, ecological justice involves biospheric egalitarianism or justice between species. This article will focus on ecological justice since the rights of non-human species lags behind social justice debates and discuss the implications of including biospheric egalitarianism in environmental justice debates. https://doi.org/10.1186/2194-6434-1-8 https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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Hogescholen zouden een grotere bijdrage moeten leveren aan de ontwikkeling van de armste landen. Ik zal proberen aan te geven welke ethische, en andere, overwegingen de rationale vormen voor die stelling. Kritische reflectie op ethische vragen is belangrijk voor het maken van de juiste keuzen. Capaciteitsopbouw in hoger beroepsonderwijs in ontwikkelingslanden, het creëren van hoog opgeleide vaklieden en entrepreneurs, is een vruchtbare vorm van ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Maar alleen als het goed, effectief en duurzaam gebeurt. Veel hulp is nog ineffectief. Het lectoraat Internationale Samenwerking heeft een direct doel: kennis genereren die het mogelijk maakt Nederlandse hogescholen meer en effectiever in te zetten bij ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Daarmee is het hoger onderwijs in ontwikkelingslanden gediend en daarmee de sociale en economische ontwikkeling in deze landen. En daar is het Nederlandse hoger beroepsonderwijs mee gediend, dat internationaler wordt en zo tegemoet komt aan de wensen van studenten en de behoeften van de arbeidsmarkt.
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