Project objectives Radicalisation research leads to ethical and legal questions and issues. These issues need to be addressed in way that helps the project progress in ethically and legally acceptable manner. Description of Work The legal analysis in SAFIRE addressed questions such as which behavior associated with radicalisation is criminal behaviour. The ethical issues were addressed throughout the project in close cooperation between the ethicists and the researchers using a method called ethical parallel research. Results A legal analysis was made about criminal law and radicalisation. During the project lively discussions were held in the research team about ethical issues. An ethical justification for interventions in radicalisation processes has been written. With regard to research ethics: An indirect informed consent procedure for interviews with (former) radicals has been designed. Practical guidelines to prevent obtaining information that could lead to indirect identification of respondents were developed.
Journalists in the 21st century are expected to work for different platforms, gather online information, become multi‐media professionals, and learn how to deal with amateur contributions. The business model of gathering, producing and distributing news changed rapidly. Producing content is not enough; moderation and curation are at least as important when it comes to working for digital platforms. There is a growing pressure on news organizations to produce more inexpensive content for digital platforms, resulting in new models of low‐cost or even free content production. Aggregation, either by humans or machines ‘finding’ news and re‐publishing it, is gaining importance. At so‐called ‘content farms’ freelancers, part‐timers and amateurs produce articles that are expected to end up high in web searches. Apart from this low‐pay model a no‐pay model emerged were bloggers write for no compensation at all. At the Huffington Post thousands of bloggers actually work for free. Other websites use similar models, sometimes offering writers a fixed price depending on the number of clicks a page gets. We analyse the background, the consequences for journalists and journalism and the implications for online news organizations. We investigate aggregation services and content farms and no‐pay or low‐pay news websites that mainly use bloggers for input.
Most experienced user researchers will recognise the following: When doing a user test, the things participants say during the interview not always match their facial expressions or how they acted during the test. They seem unable to explain what they, unconsciously, feel or think. To counter this behaviour, we designed the Emogram that helps (student) design researchers capture (unconscious) emotional and intuitive responses of research participants with as little rationalisation by the participants as possible. The work of Daniel Kahneman [1] is used to explain how the Emogram works cognitively. Kahneman showed that the human brain uses two systems to form thoughts: system 1, intuitive and fast, and system 2, rational and slow. System 1 reacts almost immediately while system 2 thinks things over and tries to rationalise the response of system 1. The continues battle between these systems influences the response of research participants. Because of this, inexperienced design students can easily be put on the wrong foot as they are still learning how to read participant responses. Not much is needed to do an Emogram: paper, pencil and some sticky notes will suffice. However, because participants sometimes feel that they don’t have enough time to complete the Emogram, also a web version is being developed. The tool is ‘work in progress’ and there are several issues that need further research. However, first experiences are that student researchers acquire more accurate insights about the participants unconscious thoughts in relation to product design
MULTIFILE
