This research focused on implement analysis to diagnose the viability to propose a design and repair strategy based on Product-Service System (PSS) and remanufacturing to preserve the value in white goods, more specifically laundry machines. The aim is to generate an alternative to the linear economy to redirect consumers to the circular economy, positively affecting the environment, the economy, and society, leading to responsible consumption. To achieve this, it is necessary to identify consumer behavior and the factors that intervene to buy remanufactured products. Also, find a timely methodology for the development of the PSS, analyze the ability to conserve added value, propose the strategy and verify its feasibility. The reach of this paper is establishing customer perception in the acceptance of remanufactured products in a circular economy model for white goods.
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Remanufacturing is a production practice that requires the work of producers, consumers, and the government. There are benefits associated with this production model, such as improving the environment, opportunities for cost savings, and others. However, it is essential to identify the factors that affect the possibility of acceptance of this production model. This research proposes a model based on different analysis methodologies and techniques of SEM (Structural Equations Modeling) and the method of PLS (Partial Least Squares). A total of 403 responses to the survey were collected from 1 November 2021 to 15 January 2022. For the data treatment, SPSS, Excel, and WarpPLS software were used to identify the variables, factors, and their direct and indirect effects among the latent variables, referring to a scheme focused on consumer perception based on the acquisition remanufactured products. This created model served as a reference to create and develop a design and repair strategy for White goods or similar products in handling, logistics, and repair. This design strategy was transformed into a business model based on a circular economy, particularly on a Product–Service System with social, economic, and environmental benefits for producers and consumers.
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The capacity to guide the evolution and creation of new products (manufactured goods or services) is crucial for the enterprise's profitability. Hence, enterprises have acquired the capacity to manage the future of their product portfolio. However, companies that offer a combination of manufactured goods and services as an integrated system or a Product-Service System confront challenging conditions to maintain or increase their market share due to the complex relationship between manufacturing and service production systems. The complexity of a PSS makes it challenging to adapt its physical products to new customer requirements, satisfy new standards, or develop/adopt new technologies because any modification in one part of the system will undoubtedly affect the other. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an approach for managing the development process of a PSS from a broad perspective. The approach presented in this article combines the advantages of the Business Model Canvas to define the crucial functions of a business model with the service blueprinting capacity to represent service processes. The proposal describes a five stages methodology: Conceptualization, Business Model Design, Product-Service System (PSS) Scenarios, Blueprint design, and Validation. The methodology helps the analysis of a PSS from three perspectives: product, use, and result, which are the typical PSS scenarios. A case study applied to a company that distributes purified water is helpful to illustrate the methodology. Finally, the methodology includes some aspects that favor implementing creative and dynamic business models, emphasizing the constant changes in the evolution of products and services.
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Dit onderzoek draagt bij aan de transitie naar een circulaire economie in de bouwsector. De Nederlandse bouwsector is grondstofintensief. Tegelijkertijd wordt een grote hoeveelheid sloopafval geproduceerd. Dit materiaal zou deels als bouwmateriaal hergebruikt kunnen worden. Maar vraag en aanbod naar circulair bouwmateriaal zijn nog niet op elkaar aangesloten. De transitie naar een circulaire bouweconomie vergt sterkere samenwerking tussen ketenpartners en gedragsverandering van gebruikers zoals verandering in regelgeving. Een belangrijke rol om deze veranderingen op microniveau te stimuleren, zijn circulaire businessmodellen. Circulaire businessmodellen kunnen prikkels geven voor sterke samenwerking langs de keten, ervoor zorgen dat kosten en baten van de transitie eerlijk verdeeld worden, en gebruiksgedrag stimuleren. Maar circulaire businessmodellen kunnen niet ontwikkeld worden zonder eerst de nodige veranderingen op macroniveau in kaart te brengen, en zonder samenwerking in de keten. Het doel van dit verkennend onderzoek is daarom om aan de hand van de 'collective system building framework' (een managementmodel dat bedrijven kan helpen om duurzaamheidstransities te stimuleren, zie hier) in kaart te brengen welke activiteiten nodig zijn om de transitie naar circulair bouwmateriaal te stimuleren. Een tweede doel is om een netwerk op te bouwen van samenwerkingspartners, die later deze activiteiten gaan uitvoeren. Hieraan verbonden is het derde doel, om circulaire businessmodellen te ontwikkelen, die en samenwerking tussen ketenpartners stimuleren, en de markt voor circulair bouwmateriaal te versterken. Hierbij onderzoeken wij de rol van digitale platformen, zoals van nieuwe product-service combinaties. Beoogde resultaten van dit verkennend onderzoek zijn drievoudig: (1.) een netwerk opbouwen van bedrijven en organisaties die de transitie naar circulair bouwmateriaal willen versterken; (2.) de nodige systemische veranderingen voor een transitie naar circulair bouwmateriaal in kaart brengen met de 'collective system building framework'; en (3.) meer inzicht krijgen in circulaire businessmodellen in de sector voor circulair bouwmateriaal, die kunnen helpen de nodige systemische veranderingen te bereiken.
