Purpose – Self-efficacy has often been found to play a significant role in healthy dietary behaviours. However, self-efficacy interventions most often consist of intensive interventions. The authors aim to provide more insight into the effect of brief self-efficacy interventions on healthy dietary behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – In the present article, two randomized controlled trials are described. In study 1, a brief self-efficacy intervention with multiple self-efficacy techniques integrated on a flyer is tested, and in study 2, an online brief self-efficacy intervention with a single self-efficacy technique is tested. Findings – The results show that a brief self-efficacy intervention can directly increase vegetable intake and indirectly improve compliance to a diet plan to eat healthier. Originality/value – These findings suggest that self-efficacy interventions do not always have to be intensive to change dietary behaviours and that brief self-efficacy interventions can also lead to more healthy dietary behaviours.
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Study design: A secondary analysis of a systematic review. Background: Manipulations or mobilizations are commonly used interventions in patients with mechanical neck pain. The treatment effects have often been studied in randomized controlled trials (RCT) which are generally considered the gold standard in evaluating the treatment effects, mainly due to its high internal validity. External validity is defined as the extent to which the effects can be generalised to clinical practice. An important prerequisite for this is that interventions used in clinical trials can be replicated in clinical practice. It can be questioned if interventions utilized in randomized controlled trials can be translated into clinical practice. Objectives: The overall aim of this study is to examine whether the quality of the description of manipulation and mobilization interventions is sufficient for to replication of these interventions in clinical practice. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed. Two independent researchers used the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) which is a 12-item checklist for describing the completeness of the interventions. Results: Sixty-seven articles were included that used manipulation and/or mobilization interventions for patients with mechanical neck pain. None of the articles describe the intervention e.g. all the items on the TIDieR list. Considering item 8 (a-f) of the TIDieR checklist only one article described the used techniques completely. Conclusion: Manipulation or a mobilization interventions are poorly reported in RCTs, which jeopardize the external validity of RCTs, making it difficult for clinicians and researchers to replicate these interventions.
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Objective:Acknowledging study limitations in a scientific publication is a crucial element in scientific transparency and progress. However, limitation reporting is often inadequate. Natural language processing (NLP) methods could support automated reporting checks, improving research transparency. In this study, our objective was to develop a dataset and NLP methods to detect and categorize self-acknowledged limitations (e.g., sample size, blinding) reported in randomized controlled trial (RCT) publications.Methods:We created a data model of limitation types in RCT studies and annotated a corpus of 200 full-text RCT publications using this data model. We fine-tuned BERT-based sentence classification models to recognize the limitation sentences and their types. To address the small size of the annotated corpus, we experimented with data augmentation approaches, including Easy Data Augmentation (EDA) and Prompt-Based Data Augmentation (PromDA). We applied the best-performing model to a set of about 12K RCT publications to characterize self-acknowledged limitations at larger scale.Results:Our data model consists of 15 categories and 24 sub-categories (e.g., Population and its sub-category DiagnosticCriteria). We annotated 1090 instances of limitation types in 952 sentences (4.8 limitation sentences and 5.5 limitation types per article). A fine-tuned PubMedBERT model for limitation sentence classification improved upon our earlier model by about 1.5 absolute percentage points in F1 score (0.821 vs. 0.8) with statistical significance (). Our best-performing limitation type classification model, PubMedBERT fine-tuning with PromDA (Output View), achieved an F1 score of 0.7, improving upon the vanilla PubMedBERT model by 2.7 percentage points, with statistical significance ().Conclusion:The model could support automated screening tools which can be used by journals to draw the authors’ attention to reporting issues. Automatic extraction of limitations from RCT publications could benefit peer review and evidence synthesis, and support advanced methods to search and aggregate the evidence from the clinical trial literature.
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Aanleiding Onderzoek wijst uit dat de leesvaardigheid van zowel vmbo- als hbo-studenten te wensen over laat; studerend lezen gaat ze niet goed af. Zowel hbo- als vmbo-studenten blijken vaak onvoldoende in staat om op een bevredigende manier kennis te verwerven uit studieteksten. Samenvattend is de vraag vanuit de onderwijspraktijk: 1) Op welke wijze kunnen vmbo-leerlingen en hbo-studenten binnenschools leren om informatie uit teksten te gebruiken voor (studeertaken gericht op) kennisverwerving? 2) In hoeverre kan men bij het uitvoeren van lees-studeertaken in groepjes gebruikmaken van ICT? Doelstelling Doel van het project is de ontwikkeling van een nieuwe leeromgeving voor studerend lezen in het vmbo en hbo, en het bepalen van de effectiviteit daarvan. Het onderzoek bestaat uit 2 delen. 1) Ontwikkelonderzoek. Het onderzoeksteam optimaliseert de leeromgeving in samenwerking met lerarenopleiders en vmbo-leerkrachten en de ICT-ondersteuning wordt afgestemd op de praktijk van het zaakvakonderwijs. 2) Effectonderzoek. Er worden twee 'randomized controlled trials' uitgevoerd (een in het vmbo en een in het hbo) om te toetsen welke effecten de nieuwe leeromgeving heeft op de vaardigheid 'studerend lezen' van leerlingen en studenten. Voorafgaand aan de experimenten maken de leerlingen/studenten voortoetsen om hun woordenschat en studerend lezen in kaart te brengen. De resultaten worden ingezet als co-variaten. Beoogde resultaten Het project resulteert in: 1) meer aandacht voor ondersteuning bij het lezen van teksten in vakonderwijs; 2) de ontwikkeling van een nieuwe leeromgeving voor studerend; 3) vergroting van de leesvaardigheden van vmbo-leerlingen/hbo-studenten. Het consortium zal de gegenereerde kennis over didactiek voor studerend lezen en de rol van de ICT-ondersteunde leeromgeving daarin verspreiden via wetenschappelijke artikelen en een proefschrift, presentaties op onderwijsconferenties en publicaties in landelijke vaktijdschriften voor het vmbo en hbo. De ontwikkelde didactiek wordt door Hogeschool Rotterdam geïntegreerd in het curriculum van de lerarenopleiding en wordt verspreid binnen de hogeschool, de consortiumscholen en de scholen van het Rotterdamse schoolbestuur BOOR. Ook Stichting Lezen, een intermediair tussen wetenschap en beroepspraktijk, gaat kennis over de didactiek verspreiden. Uitgeverij ThiemeMeulenhoff helpt de didactiek en leeromgeving beschikbaar te maken voor het onderwijsveld.
