Background: The aims of this systematic review were to study the effectiveness of primary school-based physical activity, sedentary behavior and nutrition interventions with direct parental involvement on children’s BMI or BMI z-score, physical activity, sedentary behavior and nutrition behavior and categorize intervention components into targeted socio-cognitive determinants and environmental types using the Environmental Research framework for weight Gain prevention. Methods: In March 2018, a systematic search was conducted in four electronic literature databases. Articles written in English about effectiveness studies on school-based interventions with direct parental involvement targeting 4–12 year olds were included. Interventions with indirect parental involvement, interventions not targeting the school environment, and pilot studies were excluded. Study and intervention characteristics were extracted. Study quality and study effectiveness were assessed and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated for the outcome measures. Types of socio-cognitive factors and environmental types targeted were distinguished. Results: In total, 25 studies were included. Most studies on BMI or BMI z-score, physical activity and sedentary behavior found favorable results: 61.1%, 81.1% and 75%, respectively. Results regarding nutrition behavior were inconclusive. Methodological study quality varied. All interventions targeted multiple environmental types in the school and family environment. Five targeted socio-cognitive determinants (knowledge, awareness, attitude, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation) of the children were identified. No consistent pattern was found between either type of environment targeted, number of type of environment targeted, or the child’s targeted socio-cognitive determinants and intervention effectiveness. Discussion: School-based interventions with direct parental involvement have the potential to improve children’s weight status, physical activity and sedentary behavior. Based on the results, it is recommended that school-based interventions with direct parental involvement target more than one EBRB, last at least one year, and focus particularly on the physical and social environment within both the school and the family environment
The purpose of this study was to provide more insight into how the physical education (PE) context can be better tailored to the diverse motivational demands of secondary school students. Therefore, we examined how different constructs of student motivation in the context of PE combine into distinct motivational profiles, aiming to unveil motivational similarities and differences between students’ PE experiences. Participants were 2,562 Dutch secondary school students, aged 12–18, from 24 different schools. Students responded to questionnaires assessing their perception of psychological need satisfaction and frustration, and perceived mastery and performance climate in PE. In order to interpret the emerging profiles additional variables were assessed (i.e. demographic, motivational and PE-related variables). Two-step cluster analysis identified three meaningful profiles labelled as negative perceivers, moderate perceivers and positive perceivers. These three profiles differed significantly with regard to perceived psychological need satisfaction and frustration and their perception of the motivational climate. This study demonstrates that students can be grouped in distinct profiles based on their perceptions of the motivational PE environment. Consequently, the insights obtained could assist PE teachers in designing instructional strategies that target students’ differential motivational needs.
Objective: To investigate the effects of a school-based once-a-week sports program on physical fitness, physical activity, and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with a physical disability. Methods: This controlled clinical trial included 71 children and adolescents from four schools for special education [mean age 13.7 (2.9) years, range 8–19, 55% boys]. Participants had various chronic health conditions including cerebral palsy (37%), other neuromuscular (44%), metabolic (8%), musculoskeletal (7%), and cardiovascular (4%) disorders. Before recruitment and based on the presence of school-based sports, schools were assigned as sport or control group. School-based sports were initiated and provided by motivated experienced physical educators. The sport group (n = 31) participated in a once-a-week school-based sports program for 6 months, which included team sports. The control group (n = 40) followed the regular curriculum. Anaerobic performance was assessed by the Muscle Power Sprint Test. Secondary outcome measures included aerobic performance, VO2 peak, strength, physical activity, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, body composition, and the metabolic profile. Results: A significant improvement of 16% in favor of the sport group was found for anaerobic performance (p = 0.003). In addition, the sport group lost 2.8% more fat mass compared to the control group (p = 0.007). No changes were found for aerobic performance, VO2 peak, physical activity, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and the metabolic profile. Conclusion: Anaerobic performance and fat mass improved following a school-based sports program. These effects are promising for long-term fitness and health promotion, because sports sessions at school eliminate certain barriers for sports participation and adding a once-a-week sports session showed already positive effects for 6 months.
Depressieklachten bij adolescente meisjes vormen een belangrijk probleem voor de volksgezondheid. Depressiepreventie staat bijgevolg hoog op de agenda van de Rijksoverheid alsook bij Rotterdamse middelbare scholen. Co-ruminatie, d.w.z. het excessief bespreken van problemen en negatieve gevoelens in hechte vriendschappen, is bij meisjes een kernfactor in het ontstaan, continueren en escaleren van depressieklachten. Rotterdamse middelbare scholen krijgen moeilijk in beeld welke vriendinnen (leerlingen) gevaarlijk co-ruminatiegedrag laten zien en ervaren dientengevolge ernstige handelingsverlegenheid in het effectief beïnvloeden van dit co-ruminatiegedrag en de daarmee samenhangende depressieklachten. Het is belangrijk dat scholen de beschikking krijgen over een effectief depressiepreventieprogramma, met de dyadische relatie tussen co-ruminerende meisjes als focus van interveniëren. Een dergelijk programma bestaat echter nog niet. Met voorliggende projectaanvraag beoogt ons multidisciplinaire Happy Friends, Positive Minds-consortium (HFPM) een eerste impuls te geven aan de ontwikkeling van een stepped-care, school-based depressiepreventieprogramma voor meisjes. Onderdeel van dit stepped-care programma is de interactieve App je Happy-app met dashboardfunctie, waarmee schoolprofessionals de ontwikkeling van meisjes kunnen monitoren en kunnen ondersteunen. We vragen financiering aan voor de eerste fase van de ontwikkeling van de App je Happy-app, een applicatie die vriendinnen gaat ondersteunen hun co-ruminatiegedrag te doorbreken en om te buigen naar gezamenlijke, uitdagende, en ontspannende fysieke activiteiten en positieve communicatie en sociale interacties in hun dagelijkse leven. Hierdoor zal het risico op chronische, klinische depressie verminderen. Concreet beogen we met voorliggend projectvoorstel middels conceptuele sprints en co-creatie tijdens een driedaagse Hackaton en daaropvolgende doelgroepen-tests de innovatievraag te beantwoorden hoe we de werkzame mechanismen van de App je Happy-app moeten vormgeven zodat de app effectieve impact kan sorteren op het terugdringen van co-ruminatiepatronen en daarmee samenhangende depressieklachten bij adolescente meisjes.
