Learning by creating qualitative representations is a valuable approach to learning. However, modelling is challenging for students, especially in secondary education. Support is needed to make this approach effective. To address this issue, we explore automated support provided to students while they create their qualitative representation. This support is generated form a reference model that functions as a norm. However, the construction of a reference models is still a challenge. In this paper, we present the reference model that we have created to support students in learning about the melatonin regulation in the context of the biological clock.
This research is commissioned by the professorship Novel Proteins: Insects and Fish, Healthy, Sustainable and Safe (INVIS) and conducted with the aim to investigate the constraints that hinder the uptake of insect-based feed in the Dutch finfish aquaculture branch and advise upon how to initiate a transition within the branch to adopt insect meal in fish feed widely. This is a underlying report of the webinar Insect culture in the Netherlands for feed and food on January 19, 2021.
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Background & aims: High protein delivery during early critical illness is associated with lower mortality, while energy overfeeding is associated with higher mortality. Protein-to-energy ratios of traditional enteral formulae are sometimes too low to reach protein targets without energy overfeeding. This prospective feasibility study aimed to evaluate the ability of a new enteral formula with a high protein-to-energy ratio to achieve the desired protein target while avoiding energy overfeeding.Methods: Mechanically ventilated non-septic patients received the high protein-to-energy ratio nutrition during the first 4 days of ICU stay (n = 20). Nutritional prescription was 90% of measured energy expenditure. Primary endpoint was the percentage of patients reaching a protein target of ≥1.2 g/kg ideal body weight on day 4. Other endpoints included a comparison of nutritional intake to matched historic controls and the response of plasma amino acid concentrations. Safety endpoints were gastro-intestinal tolerance and plasma urea concentrations. Results: Nineteen (95%) patients reached the protein intake target of ≥1.2 g/kg ideal body weight on day 4, compared to 65% in historic controls (p = 0.024). Mean plasma concentrations of all essential amino acids increased significantly from baseline to day 4. Predefined gastro-intestinal tolerance was good, but unexplained foul smelling diarrhoea occurred in two patients. In one patient plasma urea increased unrelated to acute kidney injury. Conclusions: In selected non-septic patients tolerating enteral nutrition, recommended protein targets can be achieved without energy overfeeding using a new high protein-to-energy ratio enteral nutrition.
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