This paper outlines an investigation into the updating of fatigue reliability through inspection data by means of structural correlation. The proposed methodology is based on the random nature of fatigue fracture growth and the probability of damage detection and introduces a direct link between predicted crack size and inspection results. A distinct focus is applied on opportunities for utilizing inspection information for the updating of both inspected and uninspected (or uninspectable) locations.
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This study provides ERP and oscillatory dynamics data associated with the comprehension of narratives involving counterfactual events. Participants were given short stories describing an initial situation ("Marta wanted to plant flowers in her garden...."), followed by a critical sentence describing a new situation in either a factual ("Since she found a spade, she started to dig a hole") or counterfactual format ("If she had found a spade, she would have started to dig a hole"), and then a continuation sentence that was either related to the initial situation ("she bought a spade") or to the new one ("she planted roses"). The ERPs recorded for the continuation sentences related to the initial situation showed larger negativity after factuals than after counterfactuals, suggesting that the counterfactual's presupposition - the events did not occur - prevents updating the here-and-now of discourse. By contrast, continuation sentences related to the new situation elicited similar ERPs under both factual and counterfactual contexts, suggesting that counterfactuals also activate momentarily an alternative "as if" meaning. However, the reduction of gamma power following counterfactuals, suggests that the "as if" meaning is not integrated into the discourse, nor does it contribute to semantic unification processes.
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We need educators to be constantly updating their skills and knowledge, and evidenced-informed practice is central to this; yet it is far from universal in our schools. Kristin Vanlommel and Chris Brown draw on their international research to show how EIP can be achieved based on three core principles. With this article, we consider the engagement by teachers and school leaders in educational practices that are ‘evidence-informed’ - across school systems and world-wide. There is a growing consensus that effective teaching and leadership is based on evidence-informed practice (or EIP), and that EIP results in improving student learning and achievement.
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Key to reinforcement learning in multi-agent systems is the ability to exploit the fact that agents only directly influence only a small subset of the other agents. Such loose couplings are often modelled using a graphical model: a coordination graph. Finding an (approximately) optimal joint action for a given coordination graph is therefore a central subroutine in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Much research in MARL focuses on how to gradually update the parameters of the coordination graph, whilst leaving the solving of the coordination graph up to a known typically exact and generic subroutine. However, exact methods { e.g., Variable Elimination { do not scale well, and generic methods do not exploit the MARL setting of gradually updating a coordination graph and recomputing the joint action to select. In this paper, we examine what happens if we use a heuristic method, i.e., local search, to select joint actions in MARL, and whether we can use outcome of this local search from a previous time-step to speed up and improve local search. We show empirically that by using local search, we can scale up to many agents and complex coordination graphs, and that by reusing joint actions from the previous time-step to initialise local search, we can both improve the quality of the joint actions found and the speed with which these joint actions are found.
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Voor u ligt de voorlichtingspublicatie "TIG- en plasmalassen". Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is bedoeld voor allen die te maken hebben of te maken krijgen met toepassing van de betreffende verbindingstechnieken. Daarbij moet worden gedacht aan bijvoorbeeld constructeurs, lastechnici, werkvoorbereiders, enzovoorts. Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is een update van de voorlichtingspublicaties VM 81 uit 1990. De updating was noodzakelijk daar zich in de afgelopen jaren een groot aantal belangrijke ontwikkelingen heeft voorgedaan op het gebied van deze technieken.
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Voor u ligt de voorlichtingpublicatie "Corrosiebestendige en slijtvaste oppervlaktelagen, door oplassen en thermisch spuiten". Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is bedoeld voor allen die te maken hebben of krijgen met het selecteren, toepassen en aanbrengen van slijtvaste en corrosiebestendige lagen. Daarbij moet gedacht worden aan constructeurs, lastechnici, werkvoorbereiders, enzovoorts. Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is een update van de bestaande voorlichtingpublicatie VM108 uit 1997. De updating was noodzakelijk omdat de ontwikkelingen van nieuwe oplas- en thermische spuittechnieken alsook nieuwe typen bedekkingslagen en legeringen niet stil hebben gestaan.
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Voor u ligt de voorlichtingspublicatie "Hoogtemperatuursolderen". Deze publicatie is bedoeld voor allen die te maken hebben of te maken krijgen met de techniek van het hoogtemperatuursolderen. Daarbij moet worden gedacht aan bijvoorbeeld constructeurs, ontwerpers, lastechnici, werkvoorbereiders, enzovoorts. Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is een update van de in 1992 verschenen eerste druk die indertijd onder auspiciën van de NIL-werkgroep van de Technische Commissie I-A Subcie Hoogtemperatuursolderen is opgesteld. De updating was noodzakelijk, daar zich in de afgelopen jaren een groot aantal ontwikkelingen heeft voorgedaan op het gebied van soldeertechnieken.
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There remains some debate about whether beta power effects observed during sentence comprehension reflect ongoing syntactic unification operations (beta-syntax hypothesis), or instead reflect maintenance or updating of the sentence-level representation (beta-maintenance hypothesis). In this study, we used magnetoencephalography to investigate beta power neural dynamics while participants read relative clause sentences that were initially ambiguous between a subject- or an object-relative reading. An additional condition included a grammatical violation at the disambiguation point in the relative clause sentences. The beta-maintenance hypothesis predicts a decrease in beta power at the disambiguation point for unexpected (and less preferred) object-relative clause sentences and grammatical violations, as both signal a need to update the sentence-level representation. While the beta-syntax hypothesis also predicts a beta power decrease for grammatical violations due to a disruption of syntactic unification operations, it instead predicts an increase in beta power for the object-relative clause condition because syntactic unification at the point of disambiguation becomes more demanding. We observed decreased beta power for both the agreement violation and object-relative clause conditions in typical left hemisphere language regions, which provides compelling support for the beta-maintenance hypothesis. Mid-frontal theta power effects were also present for grammatical violations and object-relative clause sentences, suggesting that violations and unexpected sentence interpretations are registered as conflicts by the brain's domain-general error detection system.
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Voor u ligt de voorlichtingspublicatie "Gereedschapsstalen". Deze voorlichtingspublicatie is bedoeld voor allen die te maken hebben of te maken krijgen met toepassing van gereedschapsstalen. Daarbij moet worden gedacht aan bijvoorbeeld constructeurs, lastechnici, werkvoorbereiders, enzovoorts. Deze publicatie is in 1975 samengesteld door een commissie van de FSMG, de Vereniging van Fabrikanten van Stempels, Matrijzen en andere speciale Gereedschappen. In 2008 is de publicatie herzien door TNO Industrie en Techniek. De publicatie VM 48 is er één uit de reeks publicaties over Stempels en Matrijzen voor spaanloze vormgeving van metalen producten. De updating was noodzakelijk daar zich in de afgelopen jaren een groot aantal belangrijke ontwikkelingen heeft voorgedaan op het gebied van gereedschapsstalen.
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Citizens regularly search the Web to make informed decisions on daily life questions, like online purchases, but how they reason with the results is unknown. This reasoning involves engaging with data in ways that require statistical literacy, which is crucial for navigating contemporary data. However, many adults struggle to critically evaluate and interpret such data and make data-informed decisions. Existing literature provides limited insight into how citizens engage with web-sourced information. We investigated: How do adults reason statistically with web-search results to answer daily life questions? In this case study, we observed and interviewed three vocationally educated adults searching for products or mortgages. Unlike data producers, consumers handle pre-existing, often ambiguous data with unclear populations and no single dataset. Participants encountered unstructured (web links) and structured data (prices). We analysed their reasoning and the process of preparing data, which is part of data-ing. Key data-ing actions included judging relevance and trustworthiness of the data and using proxy variables when relevant data were missing (e.g., price for product quality). Participants’ statistical reasoning was mainly informal. For example, they reasoned about association but did not calculate a measure of it, nor assess underlying distributions. This study theoretically contributes to understanding data-ing and why contemporary data may necessitate updating the investigative cycle. As current education focuses mainly on producers’ tasks, we advocate including consumers’ tasks by using authentic contexts (e.g., music, environment, deferred payment) to promote data exploration, informal statistical reasoning, and critical web-search skills—including selecting and filtering information, identifying bias, and evaluating sources.
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