Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) such as blockchain have in recent years been presented as a new general-purpose technology that could underlie many aspects of social and economic life, including civics and urban governance. In an urban context, over the past few years, a number of actors have started to explore the application of distributed ledgers in amongst others smart city services as well as in blockchain for good and urban commons-projects. DLTs could become the administrative backbones of such projects, as the technology can be set-up as an administration, management and allocation tool for urban resources. With the addition of smart contracts, DLTs can further automate the processing of data and execution of decisions in urban resource management through algorithmic governance. This means that the technological set-up and design of such DLT based systems could have large implications for the ways urban resources are governed. Positive contributions are expected to be made toward (local) democracy, transparent governance, decentralization, and citizen empowerment. We argue that to fully scrutinize the implications for urban governance, a critical analysis of distributed ledger technologies is necessary. In this contribution, we explore the lens of “the city as a license” for such a critical analysis. Through this lens, the city is framed as a “rights-management-system,” operated through DLT technology. Building upon Lefebvrian a right to the city-discourses, such an approach allows to ask important questions about the implications of DLTs for the democratic governance of cities in an open, inclusive urban culture. Through a technological exploration combined with a speculative approach, and guided by our interest in the rights management and agency that blockchains have been claimed to provide to their users, we trace six important issues: quantification; blockchain as a normative apparatus; the complicated relationship between transparency and accountability; the centralizing forces that act on blockchains; the degrees to which algorithmic rules can embed democratic law-making and enforcing; and finally, the limits of blockchain's trustlessness.
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from the article: "Abstract The way in which construction logistics is organised has considerable impact on production flow, transportation efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions and congestion, particularly in urban areas such as city centres. In cities such as London and Amsterdam municipalities have issued new legislation and stricter conditions for vehicles to be able to access cities and city centres in particular. Considerate clients, public as well private, have started developing tender policies to encourage contractors to reduce the environmental impact of construction projects. This paper reports on an ongoing research project applying and assessing developments in the field of construction logistics in the Netherlands. The cases include contractors and third party logistics providers applying consolidation centres and dedicated software solutions to increase transportation efficiency. The case show various results of JIT logistics management applied to urban construction projects leading to higher transportation efficiencies, and reduced environmental impact and increased production efficiency on site. The data collections included to-site en on-site observations, measurement and interviews. The research has shown considerable reductions of vehicles to deliver goods and to transport workers to site. In addition the research has shown increased production flow and less waste such as inventory, waiting and unnecessary motion on site."
The adaptation of urbanised areas to climate change is currently one of the key challenges in the domain of urban policy. The diversity of environmental determinants requires the formulation of individual plans dedicated to the most significant local issues. This article serves as a methodic proposition for the stage of retrieving data (with the PESTEL and the Delphi method), systemic diagnosis (evaluation of risk and susceptibility), prognosis (goal trees, goal intensity map) and the formulation of urban adaptation plans. The suggested solution complies with the Polish guidelines for establishing adaptation plans. The proposed methodological approach guarantees the participation of various groups of stakeholders in the process of working on urban adaptation plans, which is in accordance with the current tendencies to strengthen the role of public participation in spatial management. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/81658
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Amsterdam worstelt in toenemende mate met het veranderende gebruik van stedelijke consumptieruimten. Delen van de stad waar wonen, werken, consumeren en recreëren gelijktijdig en door elkaar plaatsvinden. Dit gemengde karakter is in potentie een belangrijke stedelijke kwaliteit, maar blijkt in veel gebieden niet zomaar haalbaar. Dit uit zich enerzijds door een steeds nijpender wordende drukteproblematiek in bepaalde buurten, met monocultuur en aantasting ondernemersklimaat tot gevolg, en anderzijds door teruglopende bezoekersaantallen en leegstand in de minder populaire winkel- en woongebieden. Wat het proces achter deze ontwikkelingen gemeenschappelijk lijkt te hebben, is handelingsverlegenheid bij diverse belanghebbenden om tot collectieve actie te komen en meer grip te krijgen op de situatie. Dit RAAK voorstel wil deze processen van verandering begrijpen en op basis daarvan een nieuw praktische handelingsperspectief bieden aan de diverse actoren. Bewoners, ondernemers, gebiedsontwikkelaars hebben elk hun eigen belang in deze gebieden, maar er is grote onderlinge afhankelijkheid voor een duurzame ontwikkeling. We begrijpen deze plekken daarom als een ‘commons’ (gemeenschappelijke ruimte) met ‘open acces goods’ (vrij toegankelijke producten), waardoor er vormen van afstemming nodig zijn om tot een duurzaam beheer van een dergelijke situatie te komen. NV Zeedijk, Geef om de Jan Eef, VNO-NCW, KHN Amsterdam en de gemeente hebben de HvA gevraagd het voortouw te nemen in een overkoepelend onderzoek naar deze processen van onderkoeling en oververhitting in stedelijke consumptieruimten. De partners onderkennen de complexiteit van het vraagstuk en zien de oplossingsrichting in meer informele gedragsregels en zelfsturing waarbij de overheid een faciliterende rol speelt. Dit moet leiden tot gedragen, intelligente vormen van beïnvloeding. Dit projectvoorstel is de uitkomst van dit initiatief. De centrale vraag van dit project is welke factoren van invloed zijn op de levenscyclus van stedelijke consumptieruimten, wat de onderliggende mechanismen zijn om de evolutie te verklaren en op welke manier commoning het proces kan beïnvloeden.
