Zoekresultaten

[Review of: Mark W. Wiggins, Thomas Loveday (2015) Diagnostic Expertise in Organizational Environments]

Integrating data, knowledge, and expertise for policy advice: understanding the practices of Dutch organized crime control professionals

Current research on data in policy has primarily focused on street-level bureaucrats, neglecting the changes in the work of policy advisors. This research fills this gap by presenting an explorative theoretical understanding of the integration of data, local knowledge and professional expertise in the work of policy advisors. The theoretical perspective we develop builds upon Vickers’s (1995, The Art of Judgment: A Study of Policy Making, Centenary Edition, SAGE) judgments in policymaking. Empirically, we present a case study of a Dutch law enforcement network for preventing and reducing organized crime. Based on interviews, observations, and documents collected in a 13-month ethnographic fieldwork period, we study how policy advisors within this network make their judgments. In contrast with the idea of data as a rationalizing force, our study reveals that how data sources are selected and analyzed for judgments is very much shaped by the existing local and expert knowledge of policy advisors. The weight given to data is highly situational: we found that policy advisors welcome data in scoping the policy issue, but for judgments more closely connected to actual policy interventions, data are given limited value.

Adaptieve expertise ontwikkelen in de IT door missiegedreven samenwerking

Voor toekomstige professionals is het belangrijk om Adaptieve Expertise (AE) te ontwikkelen. Dit geldt in het bijzonder voor studenten die gaan werken in de IT, waar technieken zich in een razend tempo ontwikkelen. In de Digital Society Hub (DSH) van de Hanzehogeschool Groningen werken studenten, docent-onderzoekers en bedrijven uit de regio samen aan het oplossen van complexe vraagstukken. Deze vraagstukken vragen om innovatieve toepassingen van relatief onbekende technieken; zonder AE van betrokkenen kunnen de vraagstukken niet opgelost worden. Hiermee lijkt de DSH de ideale omgeving om AE te ontwikkelen. Daarom hebben we onderzocht hoe de DSH AE-ontwikkeling bij studenten stimuleert. De resultaten van dat onderzoek illustreren we graag aan de hand van een praktijkvoorbeeld.

AE World Café: Ontwikkelen van adaptieve expertise door werkplekleren in het hoger onderwijs.

In het Adaptieve Expertise World café geven we deelnemers inzicht in de manieren waarop studenten in het hoger onderwijs middels werkplekleren adaptieve expertise ontwikkelen. Adaptieve expertise (AE) is het vermogen van professionals om om te kunnen gaan met veranderingen en vernieuwingen. Het is een uitdaging voor het hoger onderwijsinstellingen en de beroepspraktijk het onderwijs te (her-)ontwerpen met het oog op AE. In een groot project over adaptieve expertise hebben we een initiële programma theorie ontwikkeld dat gaat over: (1) de relatie tussen studentkenmerken en AE, (2) de invloed van de authenticiteit en complexiteit van taken en AE, (3) interactie met anderen en AE en (4) het leerwerkklimaat en AE. Onze volgende stap is het aanscherpen van de initiële programma theorie middels informatie uit case studies. In het Wold café stellen we een selectie van vier cases centraal en gaan we in twee rondes de cases middels een dialoog uitdiepen. Vervolgens scherpen we in een gezamenlijk gesprek onder leiding van een referent de initiële programma theorie aan. Dit vormt input voor verdere synthese en geeft deelnemers inspiratie over de ontwikkeling van AE tijdens werkplekleren en de verschillende factoren die daarin een rol spelen.

Expertise and Deceptive Movements in Sport

Background: Deceptive movements occur when an actor seeks to fake, hide or delay kinematic information about their true movement outcomes. The purpose of deceptive movements is to impair the perception of opponents (the ‘observer’) to gain an advantage over them. We argue though that a lack of conceptual clarity has led to confusion about what deception is and in understanding the different approaches by which an actor can deceive their opponent. The aim of this article is to outline a conceptual framework for understanding deceptive movements in sport. Main body: Adopting Interpersonal Deception Theory from the field of communication, we define deception as when an actor deliberately alters their actions in an attempt to impair the ability of an observer to anticipate their true action outcomes. Further, deception can be achieved either by what we define as deceit, the act of providing false information, or disguise, the act of concealing the action outcome. Skilled athletes often have actions that are difficult to anticipate, but an action is only classified as containing deception if the actor has explicit intent to deceive an observer. Having outlined the conceptual framework, we then review existing empirical findings on the skilled perception of deceptive movements considering the framework. This approach includes a critical evaluation of the mechanisms known to facilitate the perceptual ability to prevent being deceived, including a consideration of visual search strategies, confidence, the contribution of visual and motor experiences, and the influence of response biases and action capabilities on perceptual performance. Conclusion: The distinction between deceit and disguise particularly helps to show that most research has examined deceit, with little known about how an actor can more effectively disguise their action, or about how an observer can improve their ability to anticipate the outcome of disguised actions. The insights help to identify fruitful areas for future research and outline implications for skill acquisition and performance enhancement.

From expert to flexpert: How workers meet new expertise needs throughout their careers

This dissertation concerns the adaptive ability by which workers meet new expertise needs throughout their careers. We aimed to increase our understanding of this adaptive ability through a series of four studies building upon the concept of flexpertise (Van der Heijden, 1998, 2000). These studies were designed to advance theorizing, specifically in scholarly research on expertise and expert performance (Ericsson et al., 2006) and sustainable careers (Van der Heijden & De Vos, 2015), and to increase our understanding of how flexpertise may be fostered among workers across expertise domains and working contexts.In this introduction chapter, we outline the key theoretical concepts regarding the flexpertise phenomenon that we will use throughout this dissertation, a description of the knowledge gap in the scholarly literature, and our research focus. This is followed by a summary of this PhD project that outlines the overall research objective, the research questions and research methods that we deployed, as well as an overview of the four flexpertise studies conducted (see Table 1.1). The subsequent chapters include the four (submitted) scientific publications on this matter. We conclude by reflecting on the theoretical, methodological and practical value of our research, and on the limitations of our research approach. We finish with recommendations for future research, ethical considerations on the usage of the flexpertise concept in labor market debates, and a personal reflection on this PhD program.Before explaining the key concept of flexpertise and related core concepts, we first outline what we mean by new expertise needs. These needs shaped the background of the four studies conducted.