Ship-source greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could increase by up to 250% from 2012 levels by 2050 owing to increasing global freight volumes. Binding international legal agreements to regulate GHGs, however, are lacking as technical solutions remain expensive and crucial industrial support is absent. In 2003, IMO adopted Resolution A.963 (23) to regulate shipping CO2 emissions via technical, operational, and market-based routes. However, progress has been slow and uncertain; there is no concrete emission reduction target or definitive action plan. Yet, a full-fledged roadmap may not even emerge until 2023. In this policy analysis, we revisit the progress of technical, operational, and market-based routes and the associated controversies. We argue that 1) a performance-based index, though good-intentioned, has loopholes affecting meaningful CO2 emission reductions driven by technical advancements; 2) using slow steaming to cut energy consumption stands out among operational solutions thanks to its immediate and obvious results, but with the already slow speed in practice, this single source has limited emission reduction potential; 3) without a technology-savvy shipping industry, a market-based approach is essentially needed to address the environmental impact. To give shipping a 50:50 chance for contributing fairly and proportionately to keep global warming below 2°C, deep emission reductions should occur soon.
Deze publicatie presenteert de resultaten van het Smartest Connected Cargo Airport Schiphol (SCCAS)-project: een tweejarig onderzoek naar logistieke innovaties die de concurrentiepositie van Schiphol op de luchtvrachtketen versterken. In dit project hebben KLM Cargo, Schiphol Nederland, Cargonaut, TU Delft en Hogeschool van Amsterdam samen met diverse partijen in de luchtvrachtketen nieuwe inzichten ontwikkeld om het afhandelingsproces op Schiphol te stroomlijnen en de productkwaliteit in temperatuurgevoelige ketens zoals bloemen en farma beter te beheersen.In Europa heeft Schiphol een sterke positie: het is de derde vrachtluchthaven na Frankfurt en Parijs. Door de beperking van het aantal beschikbare slots op Schiphol krijgen andere luchthavens zoals Brussel, Luik en Luxemburg de kans om extra lading aan te trekken. Het is daarom de ambitie van Schiphol zich te ontwikkelen tot de Europese voorkeursluchthaven voor logistiek hoogwaardige goederenstromen zoals e-commerce, farmaceutische producten en bloemen, en zich te onderscheiden door een efficiënt en betrouwbaar afhandelingsproces. Om die positie te bereiken zet Schiphol in op vier concrete innovatiedoelstellingen:- verbetering van transparantie in de keten door het delen van informatie;- inzicht in logistieke prestaties op basis van volledige en betrouwbare data over zendingen;- efficiënte en betrouwbare aan- en afvoer van luchtvrachtzendingen (landside pickup & delivery);- procesverbeteringen in de supply chains van temperatuurgevoelige producten.
To achieve emission reduction targets and to improve local air quality of cities, the uptake of Electric Freight Vehicles (EFV) is essential. Knowledge concerning why companies do adopt EFV is lacking. Research about the diffusion of innovations and the market of EFV shows that frontrunner companies with an innovative or early adopting mindset are adopting (or willing to adopt) EFV. Increase in demand of EFV by such companies can help take a step forward towards mass production of EFV and eventually reduction in purchase cost of EFV. The main objective of this paper is to get insights into the decision-making attributes of frontrunner companies. A qualitative approach was used and 14 interviews were conducted among frontrunner companies delivering goods in the city of Amsterdam. Results show that innovators and early adopters are all motivated by socially or environmentally positive effects of EFV. Strategic motives played a role for all companies who already adopted EFV. All companies wanted to adopt EFV but technical limitations, due specialrequirements for the goods transported, are a reason to not adopt EFV. Getting insights into the preferences of frontrunner companies, the (local) authorities can adjust their policy, schemes and sustainability campaigns to attract more companies adopting EFV. Manufacturing companies can use the insights from this research to adapt their vehicle technology to answer needs of the potential customer for faster adoption rate.
