Previous research shows that automatic tendency to approach alcohol plays a causal role in problematic alcohol use and can be retrained by Approach Bias Modification (ApBM). ApBM has been shown to be effective for patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) in inpatient treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of adding an online ApBM to treatment as usual (TAU) in an outpatient setting compared to receiving TAU with an online placebo training. 139 AUD patients receiving face-to-face or online treatment as usual (TAU) participated in the study. The patients were randomized to an active or placebo version of 8 sessions of online ApBM over a 5-week period. The weekly consumed standard units of alcohol (primary outcome) was measured at pre-and post-training, 3 and 6 months follow-up. Approach tendency was measured pre-and-post ApBM training. No additional effect of ApBM was found on alcohol intake, nor other outcomes such as craving, depression, anxiety, or stress. A significant reduction of the alcohol approach bias was found. This research showed that approach bias retraining in AUD patients in an outpatient treatment setting reduces the tendency to approach alcohol, but this training effect does not translate into a significant difference in alcohol reduction between groups. Explanations for the lack of effects of ApBM on alcohol consumption are treatment goal and severity of AUD. Future ApBM research should target outpatients with an abstinence goal and offer alternative, more user-friendly modes of delivering ApBM training.
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Valuation judgement bias has been a research topic for several years due to its proclaimed effect on valuation accuracy. However, little is known on the emphasis of literature on judgement bias, with regard to, for instance, research methodologies, research context and robustness of research evidence. A synthesis of available research will establish consistency in the current knowledge base on valuer judgement, identify future research opportunities and support decision-making policy by educational and regulatory stakeholders how to cope with judgement bias. This article therefore, provides a systematic review of empirical research on real estate valuer judgement over the last 30 years. Based on a number of inclusion and exclusion criteria, we have systematically analysed 32 relevant papers on valuation judgement bias. Although we find some consistency in evidence, we also find the underlying research to be biased; the methodology adopted is dominated by a quantitative approach; research context is skewed by timing and origination; and research evidence seems fragmented and needs replication. In order to obtain a deeper understanding of valuation judgement processes and thus extend the current knowledge base, we advocate more use of qualitative research methods and scholars to adopt an interpretative paradigm when studying judgement behaviour.
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This paper conducted a preliminary study of reviewing and exploring bias strategies using a framework of a different discipline: change management. The hypothesis here is: If the major problem of implicit bias strategies is that they do not translate into actual changes in behaviors, then it could be helpful to learn from studies that have contributed to successful change interventions such as reward management, social neuroscience, health behavioral change, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The result of this integrated approach is: (1) current bias strategies can be improved and new ones can be developed with insight from adjunct study fields in change management; (2) it could be more sustainable to invest in a holistic and proactive bias strategy approach that targets the social environment, eliminating the very condition under which biases arise; and (3) while implicit biases are automatic, future studies should invest more on strategies that empower people as “change agents” who can act proactively to regulate the very environment that gives rise to their biased thoughts and behaviors.
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Receiving the first “Rijbewijs” is always an exciting moment for any teenager, but, this also comes with considerable risks. In the Netherlands, the fatality rate of young novice drivers is five times higher than that of drivers between the ages of 30 and 59 years. These risks are mainly because of age-related factors and lack of experience which manifests in inadequate higher-order skills required for hazard perception and successful interventions to react to risks on the road. Although risk assessment and driving attitude is included in the drivers’ training and examination process, the accident statistics show that it only has limited influence on the development factors such as attitudes, motivations, lifestyles, self-assessment and risk acceptance that play a significant role in post-licensing driving. This negatively impacts traffic safety. “How could novice drivers receive critical feedback on their driving behaviour and traffic safety? ” is, therefore, an important question. Due to major advancements in domains such as ICT, sensors, big data, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), in-vehicle data is being extensively used for monitoring driver behaviour, driving style identification and driver modelling. However, use of such techniques in pre-license driver training and assessment has not been extensively explored. EIDETIC aims at developing a novel approach by fusing multiple data sources such as in-vehicle sensors/data (to trace the vehicle trajectory), eye-tracking glasses (to monitor viewing behaviour) and cameras (to monitor the surroundings) for providing quantifiable and understandable feedback to novice drivers. Furthermore, this new knowledge could also support driving instructors and examiners in ensuring safe drivers. This project will also generate necessary knowledge that would serve as a foundation for facilitating the transition to the training and assessment for drivers of automated vehicles.
Een persisterende infectie met hoog-risico humaan papillomavirus (hrHPV) is de belangrijkste factor voor de ontwikkeling van afwijkingen in de baarmoederhals en het ontstaan van baarmoederhalskanker. Ongeveer 80% van de vrouwen loopt in haar leven een HPV infectie op, toch is het risico op kanker relatief laag. hrHPV infectie is noodzakelijk maar niet de enige factor die bijdraagt aan de ontwikkeling van baarmoederhalskanker. Er zijn aanwijzingen dat vaginoom afwijkingen, zoals een disbalans van micro-organismen in de vagina, cofactoren kunnen zijn voor een persisterende hrHPV infectie. Een eerste analyse van een kleine 1000 uitstrijken (waarvan de helft hrHPV-positief) die in het HPV expertisecentrum van het Jeroen Bosch ziekenhuis getest werden op aanwezigheid van een beperkt aantal verschillende bacteriesoorten liet zien dat dat in het hrHPV-positieve cohort statistisch significant meer vaginoom afwijkingen voorkwamen dan in het hrHPV-negatieve cohort. Dit motiveert ons een haalbaarheidsonderzoek te starten met als doel te bepalen of het vaginoom (het geheel van bacteriën, schimmels en virussen in de vagina) kan dienen als triagemarker voor een persisterende hrHPV infectie, die kan leiden tot baarmoederhalskanker. In dit onderzoek willen we het gehele vaginoom in kaart te brengen van een subgroep van vrouwen met en zonder hrHPV infectie. Sequencing technologieën zijn bij uitstek geschikt voor het in kaart brengen van een diversiteit aan micro-organismen op basis van hun genoom, maar kunnen arbeidsintensief zijn en genereren complexe data waardoor er een IT structuur voor (beveiligde) opslag en analyse nodig is. Samen met het HPV expertisecentrum en MKB partners willen we onderzoeken welke sequencing methode de meest betrouwbare resultaten geeft en het best bruikbaar is in een diagnostische laboratoriumsetting. Daarnaast zal onderzocht worden hoe we om moeten gaan met de gegenereerde data en opslag daarvan.
