We investigated to what extent correctional officers were able to apply skills from their self-defence training in reality-based scenarios. Performance of nine self-defence skills were tested in different scenarios at three moments: before starting the self-defence training programme (Pre-test), halfway through (Post-test 1), and after (Post-test 2). Repeated measures analyses showed that performance on skills improved after the self-defence training. For each skill, however, there was a considerable number of correctional officers (range 4–73%) that showed insufficient performance on Post-test 2, indicating that after training they were not able to properly apply their skills in reality-based scenarios. Reality-based scenarios may be used to achieve fidelity in assessment of self-defence skills of correctional officers.Practitioner summary: Self-defence training for correctional officers must be representative for the work field. By including reality-based scenarios in assessment, this study determined that correctional officers were not able to properly apply their learned skills in realistic contexts. Reality-based scenarios seem fit to detect discrepancies between training and the work field. Abbreviations: DJI: Dutch National Agency for Correctional Insitutes; ICC: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient.
Objectives: Participation is considerably restricted in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury (ABI) as compared to their healthy peers. This systematic review aims to identify which factors are associated with participation in children and adolescents with ABI. Methods: A systematic search in Medline and various other electronic databases from January 2001–November 2014 was performed. All clinical studies describing determinants of participation at least 1 year after the diagnosis of ABI by means of one or more pre-defined instruments in patients up to 18 years of age were included. Extracted data included study characteristics, patient characteristics, participation outcome and determinants of participation (categorized into: health conditions (including characteristics of ABI), body functions and structures, activities, personal factors and environmental factors). The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated based on three quality aspects (selection, information and statistical analysis bias) and scored as low, moderate or high. Results: Eight studies using an explicit participation outcome measure were selected after review, including a total of 1863 patients, with a follow-up ranging from 1 up to 288 months. Three studies included patients with a traumatic or a non-traumatic brain injury (TBI or NTBI) and five studies with only TBI patients. Factors consistently found to be associated with more participation restrictions were: greater severity of ABI, impaired motor, cognitive, behavioural and/or sensory functioning, limited accessibility of the physical environmentand worse family functioning. Fewer participation problems were associated with a supportive/nurturing parenting style, higher household income, acceptance and support in the community and availability of special programmes. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was high in two and moderate in six studies. Conclusion: This systematic review shows that only a few, moderate quality, studies on the determinants of participation after paediatric ABI using recommended explicit measurement instruments are available. Various components of the ICF model: health condition, body functions and structures and environmental factors were consistently found to be associated with participation. More methodologically sound studies, using the recommended explicit outcome measures, a standardized set of potential determinants and longterm follow-up are suggested to increase the knowledge on participation in children and youth with ABI.
Given the substantial increase in children attending center-based childcare over the past decades, the consequences of center-based childcare for children’s development have gained more attention in developmental research. However, the relation between center-based childcare and children’s neurocognitive development remains relatively underexplored. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the relations between quantity of center-based childcare during infancy and the neurocognitive development (both functional brain networks and self-regulation) of 584 Dutch children. Small-world brain networks and children’s self-regulation were assessed during infancy (around 10 months of age) and the preschool period (2–6 years of age). The findings revealed that the quantity of center-based childcare during infancy was unrelated to individual differences in children’s functional brain networks. However, spending more hours per week in center-based childcare was positively related to the development of self-regulation in preschool age children, regardless of children’s sex or the levels of exposure to risk and maternal support in the home environment. More insight into the positive effects of center-based childcare on children’s development from infancy to toddlerhood can help to increase our insight into a better work–life balance and labor force participation of parents with young children. Moreover, this study highlights that Dutch center-based childcare offers opportunities to invest in positive child outcomes in children, including self-regulation.
Fontys begeleidt een groep van 15 studenten tijdens hun afstuderen bij een MKB bedrijf intensiever dan gebruikelijk, opdat zij hun afstudeerstage met perspectiefrijke onderzoekstrajecten bij deze bedrijven kunnen vervolgen. Fontys begeleidt deze onderzoekstrajecten vakinhoudelijk, maar werkt met de bedrijven en studenten tevens aan de inhoudelijke verdieping en algemene vorming. Hiervoor werkt Fontys in deze pilot een traineeprogramma uit, alsook een werkwijze om studenten en bedrijven te verbinden. Een zorgvuldig ontworpen monitoring van de aanpak en resultaten zorgt voor tijdig bijsturen en een treffende evaluatie na afloop. Het Traineeprogramma richt zich op technologische MKB bedrijven in de Brainport regio. Zij vormen belangrijke schakels in de toeleverketens naar grote wereldmarktspelers als ASML, VDL en Philips. Vaak zijn zij ook zelfstandig actief aan de grenzen van de technische mogelijkheden. Sleuteltechnologieën als fotonica en fabrication technologies worden in hoog tempo omarmd om de wereldwijde concurrentie aan te kunnen. MKB bedrijven ontwikkelen mee aan de producten en diensten waardoor zij eveneens deze technologieën moeten beheersen. Maar, door de kleinere schaalgrootte ontbeert het vaak aan kennis en capaciteit. Deze pilot biedt mogelijk oplossingen voor beide. Met deze pilot beogen we innovatie in het MKB te bevorderen. Docent-onderzoekers van Fontys komen via de trajecten in direct inhoudelijk contact met de bedrijven en hun technologische uitdagingen. De bedrijven vormen met Fontys en de afgestudeerden een ‘learning community’ die op de high tech onderwerpen verdiepende kennis deelt en genereert. Deze community bestendigt de relatie met de hogeschool, maar heeft ook de potentie om zich na afloop te blijven ontwikkelen. Het Fontys Centre of Expertise HTSM is opgericht om bedrijfsleven en de hogeschool te verbinden. Het CoE verzorgt de werving en matching, regisseert het traineeprogramma en verbindt de onderzoekslijnen aan de actuele thema’s in de trainee-bedrijven. Daarmee versterkt het CoE eveneens haar eigen rol in de Brainport Regio.
