In higher education, design thinking is often taught as a process. Yet design cognition resides in action and design practices. Dewey’s pragmatism offers a solid epistemology for design thinking. This paper describes a design research whereby Dewey’s inquiry served as the foundation for educating students. Three extensive educational case studies are presented whereby a design inquiry was introduced and became part of the curricula. It was found that students and coaches struggled with doubts experienced as a result of the co-evolution of problem and solution, means and ends. Four coping mechanisms were observed: (1) focus on problems, risking analysis paralysis; (2) focus on creative problem-solving, risking unsubstantiated design; (3) focus on means, risking fixation; and (4) focus on future ends, risking hanging on to a dream. By establishing a joint practice and a community of learnersthrough show-andshare sessions, the students establish solid ground.
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This study explores how households interact with smart systems for energy usage, providing insights into the field's trends, themes and evolution through a bibliometric analysis of 547 relevant literature from 2015 to 2025. Our findings discover: (1) Research activity has grown over the past decade, with leading journals recognizing several productive authors. Increased collaboration and interdisciplinary work are expected to expand; (2) Key research hotspots, identified through keyword co-occurrence, with two (exploration and development) stages, highlighting the interplay between technological, economic, environmental, and behavioral factors within the field; (3) Future research should place greater emphasis on understanding how emerging technologies interact with human, with a deeper understanding of users. Beyond the individual perspective, social dimensions also demand investigation. Finally, research should also aim to support policy development. To conclude, this study contributes to a broader perspective of this topic and highlights directions for future research development.
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With artificial intelligence (AI) systems entering our working and leisure environments with increasing adaptation and learning capabilities, new opportunities arise for developing hybrid (human-AI) intelligence (HI) systems, comprising new ways of collaboration. However, there is not yet a structured way of specifying design solutions of collaboration for hybrid intelligence (HI) systems and there is a lack of best practices shared across application domains. We address this gap by investigating the generalization of specific design solutions into design patterns that can be shared and applied in different contexts. We present a human-centered bottom-up approach for the specification of design solutions and their abstraction into team design patterns. We apply the proposed approach for 4 concrete HI use cases and show the successful extraction of team design patterns that are generalizable, providing re-usable design components across various domains. This work advances previous research on team design patterns and designing applications of HI systems.
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In veel onderzoeken naar en aanpakken in de energietransitie in Nederland, met name die waar bewonersinitiatieven een rol spelen, wordt vertrouwen als een belangrijke factor beschreven. In dit onderzoek wordt onderzocht welke bronnen van vertrouwen een rol spelen bij (de ontwikkeling) van lokale energie-initiatieven en hoe zich dat verhoudt tot de ontwikkeling van de technologie. Drie casussen (Terheijden (Traais Energie Collectief) en Den Haag, Vruchtenbuurt (Cooperatie Duurzame Vruchtenbuurt en Sterk op Stroom) zijn geanalyseerd op basis van de ANT-fasering: problematazation, interessement, enrollment en mobilization. Het is gebleken dat verschillende bronnen van vertrouwen en aspecten van techniek niet afhankelijk zijn van de fase in de netwerkontwikkeling maar als een constante in de drie geanalyseerde initiatieven zichtbaar zijn, het gaat om: • Mensen als bron van vertrouwen (Persoonlijke eigenschappen, Gedrag, Gedeelde normen en waarden/wereldbeeld) • Organisaties als bron van vertrouwen (Regels, Organisatie-Gedrag) • Het technische aspect learning to rethink: o Co-evolution o Discontinuous change o Multi-actor approach o Degree of organization o Long term view Bij de start van alle drie de initiatieven was er sprake van aansluiting zoeken bij bestaand vertrouwen in de lokale situatie. Dit is de basis van alle netwerkontwikkeling. Het succes van deze drie initiatieven zit juist in het verbinden van de bronnen van vertrouwen in mensen (hun persoonlijke eigenschappen, gedrag en wereldbeeld) en in de organisatie (organisatiegedrag) van het lokale energie-initiatief. Daarnaast is de vraag welke rol technologie speelt in relatie tot vertrouwen in de ontwikkeling van lokale energie initiatieven. Juist omdat het hierbij om de ontwikkeling van de energie initiatieven gaat en omdat hierbij sprake is van netwerkontwikkeling is gekozen voor ANT. Dit biedt de mogelijkheid om technologie als actor mee te nemen in de analyse van de ontwikkeling van het (energie initiatief) netwerk. Belangrijke vragen hierbij zijn; welke mogelijkheden van non human actoren worden toegepast en welke randvoorwaarden horen daarbij, bijvoorbeeld in de vorm van vereiste gedragsverandering van human actoren. Het uitgangspunt in deze studie is de transitie van fossiele naar hernieuwbare energie. Fossiele energie heeft een grote energie dichtheid en leent zich daarom goed voor actoren in de vorm van bulk technologieën, bijvoorbeeld in centraal opgestelde energiecentrales. Energieopwekking geconcentreerd en op afstand werkt vervreemdend en past niet meer goed in de huidige maatschappij (afnemend vertrouwen). Hernieuwbare energie kan ook in bulk-vorm worden toegepast, bijvoorbeeld in centraal opgestelde concentrated solar power plants op plaatsen met grote zonintensiteit. Hernieuwbare energie wordt echter vooral geassocieerd met decentrale opwekking. De decentrale energie opwekeenheden kunnen in modulaire systemen worden samengevoegd, en daar hangen specifieke voordelen aan voor end-users: de gemakkelijke toegankelijkheid en het beschikbare end-use potential. Dit vereist natuurlijk wel dat in het netwerk een geïntegreerd modulaire systeem wordt ontwikkeld. Dit kan alleen in een collectief, waardoor de human actors gedwongen worden samen te werken. Drie belangrijke processen hierbij zijn: formation of technical identity, configurational work en community building. Deze drie processen spelen een rol in de verschillende fasen van de netwerkontwikkeling. Daarnaast kunnen de genoemde technische learning to rethink aspecten over het geheel van de netwerkontwikkeling worden onderscheiden. In alle drie de bestudeerde casussen gaat het om decentrale modulaire energie systemen waarbij de toegankelijkheid is geborgd, maar waarbij het end-use potential alleen bij SoS centraal staat. Het geheel overziend leidt tot de conclusie dat technologie in collectieve vorm human actors dwingt tot samenwerking en dat daarbij vertrouwen tussen de actoren voorwaardelijk is. In alle drie de bestudeerde casussen wordt dit onderkend; het samenwerkingsproces wordt centraal gesteld en alle actoren worden betrokken (“iedereen doet mee”). Het feit dat het end-use potential bij Terheijden en Warm in de wijk nu niet centraal staat kan op termijn negatief uitpakken voor het vertrouwen, vooral als blijkt dat het achteraf niet gemakkelijk te realiseren is (lock in). In het algemeen kan over techniek nog het volgende worden gezegd. De geschiedenis heeft geleerd hoe human actors effectief om kunnen gaan met de actor techniek. Een belangrijke activiteit daarbij is ordening/structuur aanbrengen, en dit kan in verband worden gezien met organisaties als bron van vertrouwen (regels en organisatie-gedrag). In systeemkundige termen gaat het om; grenzen stellen, afbakenen, denken in materie-, energie- en informatiestromen, onderscheiden van functionaliteiten, input, output, opslag, omzetten, verbinden en regelen/besturen. In alle drie de bestudeerde casussen wordt deze ordening zorgvuldig toegepast, wordt informatie hierover gedeeld met alle actoren en worden alle actoren voldoende betrokken bij de besluitvorming. Dit draagt het bij aan vertrouwen bij alle actoren. Nog één keer terug naar het begrip “ontwikkeling”: De drie bestudeerde casussen hebben een unieke dynamiek en horizon, dit wordt vooral door de aard van de techniek beïnvloed. Sos loopt ver vooruit op de huidige stand van de techniek (en regelgeving) en is vooral een ICT-technische uitdaging, Terheijden en Warm in de wijk lopen in de pas met de techniek, maar moeten met de schop in de grond in een bestaande situatie. De manier waarop de drie organisaties bijbehorende problemen onderkennen en hiermee omgaan is een voorbeeld van organisaties als bronnen van vertrouwen. In de conclusie zijn de drie casussen als praktijkvoorbeelden beschreven. In Terheijden gaat het over de ontwikkeling van een warmtenetwerk voor het gehele dorp. Het wordt gebaseerd op hernieuwbare bronnen in de directe omgeving. Voor de initiatiefnemers en de bewoners is het belangrijk om “het zelf te gaan doen”. In Warm in de wijk gaat het ook over de ontwikkeling van een warmtenet, maar in dit geval in een woonwijk in Den Haag. Leidend hier is het uitgangspunt van een “open warmtenet”. Er moet een scheiding worden aangebracht tussen netwerk en warmtebronnen. Bij SoS gaat het over de toekomst van ons elektriciteit systeem. Er is nog een lange weg te gaan, maar uiteindelijk moet dit resulteren in een “goed werkend democratisch energisysteem”. Deze drie voorbeelden kunnen andere energie initiatieven inspiratie bieden omdat het beschrijvingen zijn van de ontwikkeling gericht op vertrouwen in relatie tot de gekozen technologie.
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Purpose: This paper aims to analyse the development of research on gastronomic tourism experiences and chart its relationship to foundational management and marketing literature as well as the tourism and hospitality field. Design/methodology/approach: The author develops a literature review of papers in specialist journals and the SCOPUS database to identify major research themes and the evolution of experience and gastronomic experience research. Findings: Gastronomy is an increasingly important element of tourism experiences. Gastronomic experience research in tourism mirrors the evolution in management and marketing theory from rational information processing approaches to emotional and hedonistic approaches and analysis of relationality and co-creation. The paper sketches a development from Experience 1.0 (producer-orientated) to Experience 2.0 (co-creation) to Experience 3.0 (foodscapes) in gastronomic experiences in tourism research. Research limitations/implications: Increasing complexity of gastronomic experiences requires a more holistic analytic approach, including more attention for relational and co-creational processes. Linking together different experience elements and experience phases requires more holistic and contextual research approaches. Practical implications: Hospitality organizations should recognize the differentiated and complex nature of gastronomic experiences, the different touchpoints within the customer journey and their relationship to experience outcomes. The development of hybrid gastronomic experiences offers both opportunities and challenges for the future. Originality/value: This quantitative and qualitative literature analysis underlines the need for a more holistic approach to gastronomic experiences, covering different experiential phases and contexts of production and consumption.
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Research and practice show how regenerative business models contribute to restoration of the socio-ecological system, that human and natural aspects are at the core of their values and that co-evolution or co-creation are a key aspect. That being said, the regenerative business model is still a relatively new concept and there is no consensus about it's precise meaning or a framework to understand and support it. To explore this concept, a group of approximately 50 experts in the field of sustainability and/or business was invited to engage in a Delphi panel from November 2022 to January 2023. The objective was to develop a working definition for the concept ‘regenerative business model’ including a set of key aspects that characterize such a business model. This extended abstract shows preliminary findings from this Delphi study.
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One of the most remarkable phenomena in nature is mimicry,in which one species (the mimic) evolves to imitate the phenotype ofanother species (the model). Several reasons for the origin of mimicryhave been proposed, but no definitive conclusion has been found yet. Inthis paper, we test several of these hypotheses through an agent based coevolutionarymodel. In particular, we consider two possible alternatives:(1) Deception, in which mimics evolve to imitate the phenotype of modelsthat predators avoid to eat, and (2) Coincidence, in which models evolvea warning color to avoid predation, which coincidentally benefits themimics. Our agent-based simulation shows that both these hypothesesare plausible origins for mimicry, but also that once a mimicry situationhas been established through coincidence, mimics will take advantage ofthe possibility for deception as well.
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Emergence, the coming-into-being of new entities, new organizations, or new structures out of the interactions of individual agents in networks, is becoming a central concept in today's management literature. We are now evolving from the age of reductionism to the age of emergence, meaning that organizations in the connected society can no longer predict what is going to happen but will find themselves continuously doing things (creating value) in co-evolution with their environment, things that are not necessarily in line with actions planned in advance. In such a dynamic environment managers must learn to enable emergent processes in real time if an organization is to turn unpredictability to its competitive advantage. The importance of the perspective of emergence is introduced in regard to the growing complexity in society.
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This research contributes to understanding and shaping systems for OFMSW separation at urban Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs, such as offices, shops and service providers). Separating SMEs’ organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is both an opportunity and a serious challenge for the transition towards circular cities. It is an opportunity because OFMSW represents approximately 40% of the total waste mass generated by these companies. It is challenging because post-collection separation is not feasible for OFMSW. Therefore, SMEs disposing of waste should separate their solid waste so that processing the organic fraction for reuse and recycling is practical and attainable. However, these companies do not experience direct advantages from the extra efforts in separating waste, and much of the OFMSW ends up in landfills, often resulting in unnecessary GHG emissions. Therefore, governments and waste processors are looking for ways to improve the OFMSW separation degree by urban companies disposing of waste through policies for behaviour change.There are multiple types of personnel at companies disposing of waste. These co-workers act according to their values, beliefs and norms. They adapt their behaviour continuously, influenced by the physical environment, events over time and self-evaluation of their actions. Therefore, waste separation at companies can be regarded as a Socio-Technical Complex Adaptive System (STCAS). Agent-based modelling and simulation are powerful methods to help understand STCAS. Consequently, we have created an agent-based model representing the evolution of behaviour regarding waste separation at companies in the urban environment. The model aims to show public and private stakeholders involved in solid waste collection, transport and processing to what extent behaviour change policies can shape the system towards desired waste separation degrees.We have co-created the model with participants utilising literature and empirical data from a case study on the transition of the waste collection system of a business park located at a former harbour area in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. First, a conceptual model of the system and the environment was set up through participatory workshops, surveys and interviews with stakeholders, domain experts and relevant actors. Together with our case participants, five policies that affect waste separation behaviour were included in the model. To model the behaviour of each company worker’s values, beliefs and norms during the separation and disposal of OFMSW, we have used the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) Theory by Stern et al. (1999). We have collected data on waste collection behaviour and separation rates through interviews, workshops and a literature study to operationalise and validate the model.Simulation results show how combinations of behaviour profiles affect waste separation rates. Furthermore, findings show that single waste separation policies are often limitedly capable of changing the behaviour in the system. Rather, a combination of information and communication policies is needed to improve the separation of OFMSW, i.e., dissemination of a newsletter, providing personal feedback to the co-workers disposing of waste, and sharing information on the (improvement of) recycling rates.This study contributes to a better understanding of how policies can support co-workers’ pro-environmental behaviour for organic waste separation rates at SMEs. Thus, it shows policymakers how to stimulate the circular transition by actively engaging co-workers’ waste separation behaviour at SMEs. Future work will extend the model’s purpose by including households and policies supporting separating multiple waste types aimed at various R-strategies proposed by Potting et al. (2016).
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Few people I know act likea magnet in the way Laura does. If you hear her speak, see her move, enjoy her smile - you can't help but want to be a part of what makes her heart beat faster. She radiates passion for her dream topic biomimicry and before you know it you're caught in that dream. From the day I met her, I was captivated by her enthusiasm and knowledge about this topic. In fact, meeting Laura made me decide to join the university as I thought: if people like Laura work at THUAS, I want to be a part of this organization'. Over the years I have seen her finish the Msc in biomimicry at Arizona State University followed by a PhD at TUDelft. And all that next to her full time job as a teacher. It's only a miracle that she still found the time to go outdoors and be in Nature. But luckily, she did as this is what nourishes her - and that nourishment is brought into the classroom affecting generations of students. I am very proud of how she builds her tribe just like Nature does; grassroots from the bottom up, not supported but also not inhibited by formal structures. In that way she truly acts as a bridge helping others to tap into Nature's wisdom. This morning I harvested the remaining vegetables from my garden and turned them into lunch. It's the second year I grow vegetables and it feels like I am only at the beginning of learning to collaborate with Nature. In Spring and Summer, Ihave witnessed in awe how seeds become seedlings which then grow into mature plants carrying fruit. The sheer wonder of Nature never ceases to amaze me, and my garden is only an attempt to be more aware of seasonal rhythms. It's Autumn right now, a time of year that invites us to go inside, reflect and let go of old baggage that no longer serves us. We'll be approaching the stage of wintering soon in which our inner journey will benefit from the darkness of wintertime introspection, along with the space to process the old, integrate learnings, and then germinate the new. Over the course of her career, Laura has gone through these seasonal cycles - reinventing herself in the past decade as a teacher, researcher and regenerative leader. One of Laura's many qualities is that she embodies three leadership characteristics derived from Nature. First, she acknowledges the importance of interconnection. Many times, we think of Nature as being separate from us, but in reality we humans are Nature. Connection with Nature enables us to think within systems and understand that we can't direct the system, but instead we're all part of multiple systems. Second, sensing the system and our part in it builds resilience. Even if things don't go as we expected or imagined, rather than reacting, we can step back and engage with more insight. Laura's adaptability to a system's needs while spotting opportunities to crack it open, is admirable. As the system is always in evolution, so is she - remarkably receptive to change even in the final stages of her career. Third, Laura creates space for people to develop and thrive, acting as multipliers of her vision and love for the natural world. In her leadership she embodies the ideal elder while being able to perceive the world through the eyes of a child - with continuous wonder for how life unfolds. This book is a bricolage of Laura's post-doc research conducted the past two years. In it you will find an array of fascinating reads and tools that help you deepen your practice as a biomimicry professional. The book is a community effort integrating tools Laura has co-created with her ecosystem as well as more in-depth readings written by some of the talents she has nourished over time. I wish for you to enjoy this careful curation of both practical as well as more conceptual contributions. May it inspire your own thriving in bringing Nature based wisdom to the core of our daily lives.
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