The gradual aging of western society during the twentieth century, including its causes and consequences, has become one of the dominant themes of demography and sociology. This study tries to shed more light on the recent past of older individuals emphasizing the socio-economic strategies they employed in order to maintain their standard of living after reaching the age of 60. Theories concerning different elements within these strategies (work, savings, the family and the collectivity) are discussed. The last part of this study considers the impact of these strategies in the context of a case study using a variety of sources on the lives of a selected group of elderly people living in the civil parish of Winterswijk over the periode 1880-1938.
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Processes of collective learning are expected to increase the professionalism of teachers and school leaders. Little is known about the processes of collective learning which take place in schools and about the way in which those processes may be improved. This paper describes a research into processes of collective learning at three primary schools. Processes of collective learning are described which took place in small teams in these schools. It is also pointed out which attempts can be made in order to reinforce these processes in the schools mentioned.
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How did family and kin take care of their elderly in the communities of Limbricht (South of the Netherlands with extensive household structures) and Scheemda (North of the Netherlands with more nuclear families) in the decades between both world wars.
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Guest post by Lieke Wissink. Lieke is an anthropologist and philosopher who works at the Youth and Society knowledge center, University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam. She engages in an action-research project with undocumented youths at a day shelter, and carries-out participant observation, group workshops and interviews with residents. This blogpost reflects on feelings of empowerment and precarity as expressed by the shelter members during the Covid-19 pandemic. This post is part of our new themed series on border control and Covid-19.
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Background: Community learning is one approach to promote research competencies and to involve nurses and nursing students in research. This study examines the impact of community learning according to participants-both those inside and outside the community-in a joint nursing research project at a hospital. Method: A qualitative design was se-lected using a participatory approach. Data were col-lected through semistructured interviews, reflections, conversations, and patient input during 2 academic years. Results: Thematic analysis showed 11 themes, which were organized into three clusters: realization, transformation, and influencing factors. Participants perceived changes in practice and described how their perspectives have changed on care, education, and research. Reconsiderations led to some new or revised strategies, and influencing factors were associated with the contemporary context, degree of in-volvement, and design/facilitation. Conclusion: The impact of community learning emerged and extended beyond community boundaries, and the indicated influencing factors must be taken into account.
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Nederlanders zijn gewoon digitaal Jaarboek ICT en samenleving 2007: Gewoon digitaal. Gewoner en intensiever gebruik van nieuwe media Internetgebruik van hoogopgeleiden is veelzijdiger en productiever dan van laagopgeleiden. Meer ouderen online, maar achterstand blijft groot. Belang van internet als informatiebron groeit Meer overheidsinformatie online Gebruik online gezondheidsinformatie stijgt Nederland is koploper met telewerken. ICT leidt niet tot meer werkdruk, maakt het werk wel interessanter Dit zijn de belangrijkste conclusies uit het vijfde Jaarboek ICT en samenleving: Gewoon dgitaal, dat op dinsdag 12 mei a.s. wordt aangeboden aan de Alexander Rinnooy Kan, voorzitter dan de SER. Het Jaarboek, dat verschijnt bij uitgeverij Boom, is een samenwerkingsproject van het Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau (SCP), Fontys Hogescholen en het programma 'Maatschappij en de Elektronische Snelweg' van de Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO-MES). Onder redactie van prof. dr Jan Steyaert (Fontys Hogescholen) en prof. dr Jos de Haan (SCP) gaan vooraanstaande wetenschappelijke onderzoekers nader in op de gevolgen van internet voor de samenleving. Gewoner en intensiever gebruik van nieuwe Het aandeel van de Nederlandse bevolking met thuis toegang tot internet steeg van 16% in 1998 naar 78% in 2005. Naast toenemende toegang is er sprake van intensiever gebruik, met tussen 2000 en 2005 meer dan een verdubbeling van de tijdsbesteding aan internet (van gemiddeld 1.8 naar 3.8 uur per week). Bovendien worden burgers steeds meer informatieproducent (via weblogs e.d.) naast de meer traditionele rol van informatieconsument. Gevarieerd internetgebruik van hoogopgeleiden Hoogopgeleiden gebruiken meer verschillende internettoepassingen dan laag opgeleiden. Bovendien gebruiken zij meer informatieve en zakelijke toepassingen, zoals actualiteit en nieuws, informatie over werk en vacatures, internet-bankieren, het online kopen en verkopen van goederen en het gebruik van overheidssites, dan laagopgeleiden. Lager opgeleiden gebruiken meer vermaakstoepassingen van het internet in het algemeen, en spelletjes, muziekuitwisseling en chatten in het bijzonder dan hoger opgeleiden. Meer ouderen online In 2005 was 78% van de bevolking met internet verbonden. Het aantal aansluitingen in de groep 55-64 jarigen ligt iets lager op 72%, de 65-74 volgen op grotere afstand (44%) en 75-plussers nog weer minder online (17%). Ook onder deze groepen is de verspreiding langzaam maar zeker toegenomen. In 2000 was namelijk 44% van de bevolking op internet aangesloten (55-64 jarigen: 31%; 65-74 jarigen 12% en 75-plussers 4%. Veel ouderen vinden zichzelf 'te oud' om te leren omgaan met ict. Ook veel ouderen geven aan dat de computer en internet te moeilijk zijn, of ze zien het voordeel of nut er niet van in. Ook financiële of fysieke beperkingen zoals een slecht zicht vormen voor sommige ouderen een belemmering. De veelvuldige verwijzingen naar internet in het dagelijks leven zijn soms een stimulans om internet uit te proberen, maar bij anderen juist aanleiding om te volharden in niet-gebruik. Een positieve grondhouding is van belang om verbinding te maken met internet. Internet belangrijker als informatiebron Steeds meer Nederlanders gebruiken internet om zich te informeren over uiteenlopende onderwerpen. In 2005 gebruikte 38% van de Nederlanders internet voor 17 gespecificeerde onderwerpen. Vijf jaar eerder was dat nog 23%. In 2005 was de televisie nog steeds veruit favoriet (92%) en ook het dagblad blijft populair (77%). Internet is na radio (47%) al wel teletekst (23%) en de opiniebladen (15%) voorbij gestreefd als infomatiebron. Meer overheidsinformatie online Steeds meer gemeenten bieden informatie (bekendmakingen, vergunningen, verordeningen en plannen) on line aan. Zo ontsloot in 2003 26% van de gemeenten een bestuursinformatiesysteem op de website, in 2005 was dit 79%. Gebruik online gezondheidsinformatie stijgt Het aanbieden en zoeken van gezondheidsinformatie via internet neemt aan belang toe. Centraal daarin staat een verwachting dat de patiënt beter geinformeerd is en een betere gesprekspartner is voor (huis)artsen. Nu toegang tot internet 'gewoner' is geworden, worden informatievaardigheden belangrijker, zoals het kunnen beoordelen van informatie op kwaliteit en relevantie. Nederland is koploper met telewerken. Nederland is met ongeveer 20% van de beroepsbevolking die met enige regelmaat thuiswerkt internationaal koploper telethuiswerken. Hoewel telewerken mogelijkheden biedt om arbeid en zorg gemakkelijker te kunnen combineren, wordt het zelden gebruikt als bewuste en structurele strategie om dit ook te doen. Het wordt eerder gebruikt als crisis¬management om tijdnood in het werk het hoofd te bieden. Het werk wordt interessanter door ICT Over de huidige invloed van ICT zijn werkenden van oordeel dat het werk er interessanter door is geworden. Ook vinden zij dat het leven door ict minder ingewikkeld is geworden. Werkenden zijn niet van mening dat zij door ict meer vrije tijd hebben gekregen of dat het tot minder werkdruk heeft geleid. Werkenden hebben wel positieve toekomstverwachtingen van de inzet van ICT. In hun ogen zal ICT in de toekomst in lichte mate bijdragen aan een aangenamer en overzichtelijker leven. Inhoud Jaarboek ICT en samenleving 2007: Gewoon Digitaal 1 Gewoon digitaal Jan Steyaert en Jos de Haan 2 De e-surfende burger: is de digitale kloof gedicht? Jan A.G.M. van Dijk 3 Senioren en internet: aansluiting of kortsluiting? Marion Duimel 4 De digitalisering van media- en informatiegebruik Jos de Haan en Frank Huysmans 5 E-werkenden in netwerken Erik Andriessen en Lambert van der Laan 6 ICT en arbeid: over de verwachtingen van tijdwinst, tijdsoevereiniteit en leuker werk Jelle Attema, Koen Breedveld, Andries van den Broek, Pascale Peters 7 Van gemeenschap via webnetwerk naar datawolk Marianne van den Boomen 8 Op zoek naar de e-democratische burger Arthur Edwards 9 De e-lerende burger Peter Sloep en Wim Jochems 10 ICT en de gezondheidzorg. Samantha A. Adams en Cécile R.L .Boot
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Comprehensive understanding of the merits of bottom-up urban development is lacking, thus hampering and complicating associated collaborative processes. Therefore, and given the assumed relevancies, we mapped the social, environmental and economic values generated by bottom-up developments in two Dutch urban areas, using theory-based evaluation principles. These evaluations raised insights into the values, beneficiaries and path dependencies between successive values, confirming the assumed effect of placemaking accelerating further spatial developments. It also revealed broader impacts of bottom-up endeavors, such as influences on local policies and innovations in urban development.
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From the article: "ABSTRACT: The research group Supply Chain Redesign in the Built Environment of HU University of Applied Sciences is working on research that combines principles of the circular economy with open source architectural design & urban planning. The aim is finding new ways to re-use demolition waste and recycled materials in small scale urban area developments. And to “democratize” traditional processes in the built environment. Different recent studies have shown the potential benefits, such as a reduction of emissions. In “Hof van Cartesius”, a practical case-study in Utrecht, the ambitions and implications of this approach are being questioned, investigated and tested."
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Our planet’s ecology and society are on a collision course, which manifests due to a contradiction in the assumptions of unlimited material growth fueling the linear economic paradigm. Our closed planetary ecosystem imposes confined amounts of space and a finite extent of resources upon its inhabitants. However, practically all the economic perspectives have been defiantly neglecting these realities, as resources are extracted, used and disposed of reluctantly (Ellen MacArthur Foundation 2015). The circular economy attempts to reconcile the extraction, production and usage of goods and resources with the limited availability of those resources and nature’s regenerative capabilities This perspective entails a shift throughout the supply chain, from material science (e g non-toxic, regenerative biomaterials) to novel logistical systems (e g low-carbon reverse logistics). Because of this, the circular economy is often celebrated for its potential environmental benefits and its usefulness as a blueprint for sustainable development (Ellen MacArthur Foundation 2017). Unfortunately, the promise of the circular economy aiming at enhanced sustainability through restorative intent and design (McDonough & Braungart 2010), is often inhibited by institutional barriers posed by the current linear economy of take, make, use and waste (Ghisellini et al. 2016). Underlying those barriers our cultural paradigm celebrates consumerism, exponential growth and financial benefit instead of human values such as diversity, care and trust. Based on a mapping exercise of the circular economy discourse in the Netherlands and an overview of international (academic) literature (Van den Berg 2020) supplemented with collaborative co-creation sessions, visiting events, conferences, giving talks and classes, we have defined a gap leading to the focus of the Professorship. First, we highlight the importance of a process approach in studying the transition from a linear to a circular economy, which is why we use the verb ‘entrepreneuring’ as it indicates the movement we collectively need to make. The majority of work in the field is based on start-ups and only captures snapshots while longitudinal and transition perspectives - especially of larger companies - are missing (Merli et al. 2019; Geissdoerfer et al. 2018; Bocken et al. 2014). We specifically adopt an entrepreneurship-as-practice lens (Thompson, Verduijn & Gartner 2020), which allows us to trace the doings – as opposed to only the sayings - of organizations involved in circular innovation. Such an approach also enables us to study cross-sector and interfirm collaboration, which is crucial to achieve ecosystem circularity (Raworth 2019). As materials flow between actors in a system, traditional views of ‘a value chain’ slowly make way for an ecosystem or value web perspective on ‘organizing business’. We summarize this first theme as ‘entrepreneurship as social change’ broadening dominant views of what economic activity is and who the main actors are supposed to be (Barinaga 2013; Calás, Smircich & Bourne 2009; Steyaert & Hjorth 2008; Nicholls 2008). Second, within the Circular Business Professorship value is a big word in two ways. First of all, we believe that a transition to a circular economy is not just a transition of materials, nor technologies - it is most of all a transition of values We are interested in how people can explore their own agency in transitioning to a circular economy thereby aligning their personal values with the values of the organization and the larger system they are a part of Second, while circularity is a broad concept that can be approached through different lenses, the way in which things are valued and how value is created and extracted lies at the heart of the transition (Mazzucato 2018). If we don’t understand value as collectively crafted it will be very hard to change things, which is why we specifically focus on multiplicity and co-creation in the process of reclaiming value, originating from an ethics of care Third, sustainability efforts are often concerned with optimization of the current – linear – system by means of ecoefficient practices that are a bit ‘less bad’; using ’less resources’, causing ‘less pollution’ and ‘having less negative impact’. In contrast, eco-effective practices are inherently good, departing from the notion of abundance: circular thinking celebrates the abundance of nature’s regenerative capacities as well as the abundance of our imagination to envision new realities (Ellen MacArthur Foundation 2015). Instead of exploiting natural resources, we should look closely in order to learn how we can build resilient self-sustaining ecosystems like the ones we find in nature. We are in need of rediscovering our profound connection with and appreciation of nature, which requires us to move beyond the cognitive and employ an aesthetic perspective of sustainability This perspective informs our approach to innovating education: aesthetics can support deep sustainability learning (Ivanaj, Poldner & Shrivastava 2014) and contribute to facilitating the circular change makers of the future. The current linear economy has driven our planet’s ecology and society towards a collision course and it is really now or never: if we don’t alter the course towards a circular economy today, then when? When will it become urgent enough for us to take action? Which disaster is needed for us to wake up? We desperately need substitutes for the current neo-liberal paradigm, which underlies our linear society and prevents us from becoming an economy of well-being In Entrepreneuring a regenerative society I propose three research themes – ‘entrepreneurship as social change’, ‘reclaiming value’ and ‘the aesthetics of sustainability’ – as alternative ways of embracing, studying and co-creating such a novel reality. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kim-poldner-a003473/
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Background: While the interest of health promotion researchers in change methods directed at the target population has a long tradition, interest in change methods directed at the environment is still developing. In this survey, the focus is on methods for environmental change; especially about how these are composed of methods for individual change ('Bundling') and how within one environmental level, organizations, methods differ when directed at the management ('At') or applied by the management ('From'). Methods: The first part of this online survey dealt with examining the 'bundling' of individual level methods to methods at the environmental level. The question asked was to what extent the use of an environmental level method would involve the use of certain individual level methods. In the second part of the survey the question was whether there are differences between applying methods directed 'at' an organization (for instance, by a health promoter) versus 'from' within an organization itself. All of the 20 respondents are experts in the field of health promotion. Results: Methods at the individual level are frequently bundled together as part of a method at a higher ecological level. A number of individual level methods are popular as part of most of the environmental level methods, while others are not chosen very often. Interventions directed at environmental agents often have a strong focus on the motivational part of behavior change. There are different approaches targeting a level or being targeted from a level. The health promoter will use combinations of motivation and facilitation. The manager will use individual level change methods focusing on self-efficacy and skills. Respondents think that any method may be used under the right circumstances, although few endorsed coercive methods. Conclusions: Taxonomies of theoretical change methods for environmental change should include combinations of individual level methods that may be bundled and separate suggestions for methods targeting a level or being targeted from a level. Future research needs to cover more methods to rate and to be rated. Qualitative data may explain some of the surprising outcomes, such as the lack of large differences and the avoidance of coercion. Taxonomies should include the theoretical parameters that limit the effectiveness of the method.
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