BACKGROUND: Among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), improvement of lifestyle-related risk factors (LRFs) reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, modification of LRFs is highly challenging.OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the impact of combining community-based lifestyle programs with regular hospital-based secondary prevention.METHODS: The authors performed a randomized controlled trial of nurse-coordinated referral of patients and their partners to 3 widely available community-based lifestyle programs, in 15 hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome and/or revascularization, with ≥1 LRF (body mass index >27 kg/m(2), self-reported physical inactivity, and/or smoking) were included. All patients received guideline-based usual care. The intervention was based on 3 lifestyle programs for weight reduction, increasing physical activity, and smoking cessation. The primary outcome was the proportion of success at 12 months, defined as improvement in ≥1 qualifying LRF using weight (≥5% reduction), 6-min-walking distance (≥10% improvement), and urinary cotinine (200 ng/ml detection limit) without deterioration in the other 2.RESULTS: The authors randomized 824 patients. Complete data on the primary outcome were available in 711 patients. The proportion of successful patients in the intervention group was 37% (133 of 360) compared with 26% (91 of 351) in the control group (p = 0.002; risk ratio: 1.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 1.78). In the intervention group, partner participation was associated with a significantly greater success rate (46% vs. 34%; p = 0.03).CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with coronary artery disease, nurse-coordinated referral to a comprehensive set of community-based, widely available lifestyle interventions, with optional partner participation, leads to significant improvements in LRFs. (RESPONSE-2: Randomised Evaluation of Secondary Prevention by Outpatient Nurse SpEcialists 2; NTR3937).
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Steeds vaker worden de effecten van kunst op welzijn en gezondheid benoemd. In onderzoeken komt naar voren dat het deelnemen aan kunstactiviteiten, actief, receptief of reflectief bijdraagt aan het welbevinden van mensen en het versterken van de samenleving (LKCA, 2021 en 2023; Movisie, 2021; Fancourt & Finn, 2019; Daykin, 2020). De laatste twintig jaar zijn er veel projecten en onderzoeken gestart waarin de relatie wordt onderzocht tussen gezondheid en de impact die de kunsten daarop kunnen hebben. In deze crossovers is er niet alleen kennis opgedaan, maar zijn ook verschillende perspectieven bij elkaar gebracht, zoals die van kunstprofessionals en zorgprofessionals, onderzoekers en beleidsmedewerkers die werken vanuit de beleidsterreinen kunst en cultuur, zorg en welzijn. Het verbinden van zorg en kunst krijgt heden ten dage meer en meer aandacht en de meerwaarde wordt gezien. In die verbinding worden potentiële oplossingen voor demografische en sociale problemen gevonden die leiden tot ervaringen op het gebied van gezondheid en ziekte (Daykin, 2020). Kortom, dat de kunsten een bijdrage kunnen leveren, wordt door veel onderzoeken bevestigd, maar hoe die bijdrage precies tot stand komt, is moeilijker vast te stellen. Er lijkt geen blauwdruk of kant-en-klaar recept te bestaan. Zo zien organisaties in zorg en welzijn zoals Careyn, Buurtzorg en DOCK in Utrecht West de meerwaarde van kunst, maar hebben geen praktische handvatten, kennis en vaardigheden. Wijkcultuurhuis Het Wilde Westen wil op dat gebied graag een bijdrage leveren om, meer specifiek, bij te dragen aan het welzijn en de positieve gezondheid van wijkbewoners. In de praktijk blijkt het nog lastig om elkaar te vinden, omdat iedere partij vanuit zijn eigen opdracht met bijpassende, vastgelegde geldstromen werkt. Het maken van crossovers is niet vanzelfsprekend en een lastige opgave. Daarom is in samenwerking met Het Wilde Westen, Buurtzorg, Careyn en DOCK dit onderzoek naar kunst en positieve gezondheid gestart, waarin verkennend onderzoek is gedaan naar het gezamenlijk inzetten van kunst ter bevordering van welzijn en positieve gezondheid. We onderzochten de samenwerking tussen de verschillende partners om te kijken wat voor hen nodig is om met bewoners vorm te geven aan kunstbeleving en de betekenis van de term ‘positieve gezondheid’. Dit onderzoek is financieel mogelijk gemaakt door regieorgaan SIA (Kiem GoCI). 1.1 Onderzoeksvraag In het voortraject is gezamenlijk gekomen tot de volgende onderzoeksvraag: Hoe kan kunst community-based vanuit een wijkperspectief door kunst-, welzijns- en zorgprofessionals ingezet worden om een bijdrage te leveren aan de positieve gezondheid in Utrecht West? In deze onderzoeksvraag is, vanuit de wens uit de praktijk, de term ‘positieve gezondheid’ als uitgangspunt genomen. Reden hiervoor is dat dit begrip ruimte geeft voor een holistische blik op gezondheid en een ruimte geeft aan bewoners om zelf betekenis te geven aan het begrip gezondheid (Huber et al., 2011). Steeds duidelijker wordt dat de toegang tot gezondheidszorg maar een kleine invloed heeft op het ervaren van gezondheid en welzijn. De meeste uitdagingen op het gebied van gezondheid blijken meer en meer te maken te hebben met demografische en sociale trends. Ook zijn er veel ziekten waarvoor de bestaande gezondheidszorg niet als enige een oplossing kan bieden, denk bijvoorbeeld aan dementie en chronische ziekten (Daykin, 2020). Het werken vanuit het concept positieve gezondheid kan, doordat zij zich richt op de mens als geheel, bijdragen aan een meer holistische kijk op gezondheid (Huber, 2011). Daarbij is het belangrijk om op te merken dat positieve gezondheid geen onomstreden concept is. Zo wordt gewaarschuwd dat de beleidsmatige vertaling ervan kan leiden tot het terugtrekken van de overheid en bovendien normerend en te individualistisch kan worden ingezet (Cardol et al., 2017). In het onderzoek is positieve gezondheid gekozen als startpunt omdat een aantal consortiumpartners actief met dit concept werken. In het onderzoek wordt bewust gekeken naar hoe het begrip wordt ingezet en wat de discussiepunten ervan zijn. Bijvoorbeeld omdat er in Utrecht West gewerkt wordt vanuit het concept positieve gezondheid vanuit een wijkbenadering waarin het collectieve bewonersperspectief van belang is en niet enkel het individuele belang.
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Depression is a highly prevalent and seriously impairing disorder. Evidence suggests that music therapy can decrease depression, though the music therapy that is offered is often not clearly described in studies. The purpose of this study was to develop an improvisational music therapy intervention based on insights from theory, evidence and clinical practice for young adults with depressive symptoms. The Intervention Mapping method was used and resulted in (1) a model to explain how emotion dysregulation may affect depressive symptoms using the Component Process Model (CPM) as a theoretical framework; (2) a model to clarify as to how improvisational music therapy may change depressive symptoms using synchronisation and emotional resonance; (3) a prototype Emotion-regulating Improvisational Music Therapy for Preventing Depressive symptoms (EIMT-PD); (4) a ten-session improvisational music therapy manual aimed at improving emotion regulation and reducing depressive symptoms; (5) a program implementation plan; and (6) a summary of a multiple baseline study protocol to evaluate the effectiveness and principles of EIMT-PD. EIMT-PD, using synchronisation and emotional resonance may be a promising music therapy to improve emotion regulation and, in line with our expectations, reduce depressive symptoms. More research is needed to assess its effectiveness and principles.
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Objective: Self-management is a core theme within chronic care and several evidence-based interventions (EBIs) exist to promote self-management ability. However, these interventions cannot be adapted in a mere copy-paste manner. The current study describes and demonstrates a planned approach in adapting EBI’s in order to promote self-management in community-dwelling people with chronic conditions. Methods: We used Intervention Mapping (IM) to increase the intervention’s fit with a new context. IM helps researchers to take decisions about whether and what to adapt, while maintaining the working ingredients of existing EBI’s. Results: We present a case study in which we used IM to adapt EBI’s to the Flemish primary care context to promote self-management in people with one or more chronic disease. We present the reader with a contextual analysis, intervention aims, and content, sequence and scope of the resulting intervention. Conclusion: IM provides an excellent framework in providing detailed guidance on intervention adaption to a new context, while preserving the essential working ingredients of EBI’s. Practice Implications: The case study is exemplary for public health researchers and practitioners as a planned approach to seek and find EBI’s, and to make adaptations.
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Adaptive governance describes the purposeful collective actions to resist, adapt, or transform when faced with shocks. As governments are reluctant to intervene in informal settlements, community based organisations (CBOs) self-organize and take he lead. This study explores under what conditions CBOs in Mathare informal settlement, Nairobi initiate and sustain resilience activities during Covid-19. Study findings show that CBOs engage in multiple resilience activities, varying from maladaptive and unsustainable to adaptive, and transformative. Two conditions enable CBOs to initiate resilience activities: bonding within the community and coordination with other actors. To sustain these activities over 2.5 years of Covid-19, CBOs also require leadership, resources, organisational capacity, and network capacity. The same conditions appear to enable CBOs to engage in transformative activities. How-ever, CBOs cannot transform urban systems on their own. An additional condition, not met in Mathare, is that governments, NGOs, and donor agencies facilitate, support, and build community capacities. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Adaptive governance by community-based organisations: Community resilience initiatives during Covid‐19 in Mathare, Nairobi. which has been published in final form at doi/10.1002/sd.2682. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions
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While traditional crime rates are decreasing, cybercrime is on the rise. As a result, the criminal justice system is increasingly dealing with criminals committing cyber-dependent crimes. However, to date there are no effective interventions to prevent recidivism in this type of offenders. Dutch authorities have developed an intervention program, called Hack_Right. Hack_Right is an alternative criminal justice program for young first-offenders of cyber-dependent crimes. In order to prevent recidivism, this program places participants in organizations where they are taught about ethical hacking, complete (technical) assignments and reflect on their offense. In this study, we have evaluated the Hack_Right program and the pilot interventions carried out thus far. By examining the program theory (program evaluation) and implementation of the intervention (process evaluation), the study adds to the scarce literature about cybercrime interventions. During the study, two qualitative research methods have been applied: 1) document analysis and 2) interviews with intervention developers, imposers, implementers and participants. In addition to the observation that the scientific basis for linking specific criminogenic factors to cybercriminals is still fragile, the article concludes that the theoretical base and program integrity of Hack_Right need to be further developed in order to adhere to principles of effective interventions.
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Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of the estimated 11–25 years reduced life expectancy for persons with serious mental illness (SMI). This excess cardiovascular mortality is primarily attributable to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. Obesity is associated with a sedentary lifestyle, limited physical activity and an unhealthy diet. Lifestyle interventions for persons with SMI seem promising in reducing weight and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention among persons with SMI in an outpatient treatment setting. Methods: The Serious Mental Illness Lifestyle Evaluation (SMILE) study is a cluster-randomized controlled trial including an economic evaluation in approximately 18 Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) teams in the Netherlands. The intervention aims at a healthy diet and increased physical activity. Randomisation takes place at the level of participating FACT-teams. We aim to include 260 outpatients with SMI and a body mass index of 27 or higher who will either receive the lifestyle intervention or usual care. The intervention will last 12 months and consists of weekly 2-h group meetings delivered over the first 6 months. The next 6 months will include monthly group meetings, supplemented with regular individual contacts. Primary outcome is weight loss. Secondary outcomes are metabolic parameters (waist circumference, lipids, blood pressure, glucose), quality of life and health related self-efficacy. Costs will be measured from a societal perspective and include costs of the lifestyle program, health care utilization, medication and lost productivity. Measurements will be performed at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months. Discussion: The SMILE intervention for persons with SMI will provide important information on the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, feasibility and delivery of a group-based lifestyle intervention in a Dutch outpatient treatment setting. Trial registration: Dutch Trial Registration NL6660, registration date: 16 November 2017.
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Hoofdstuk 20 Part II in Understanding Penal Practice van Ioan Durnescu en Fergus McNeill Criminological and penological scholarship has in recent years explored how and why institutions and systems of punishment change – and how and why these changes differ in different contexts. Important though these analyses are, this book focuses not so much on the changing nature of institutions and systems, but rather the changing nature of penal practice and practitioners The first part of the book focuses on understanding practice and practitioners, exploring how changing social, cultural, political, and organisational contexts influence practice, and how training, development, professional socialisation and other factors influence practitioners. The second part is concerned with how practitioners can be best supported to develop the skills and approaches that seem most likely to generate positive impacts. It contains accounts of new practice models and approaches, as well as reports of research projects seeking both to discover and to encourage effective practices
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Abstract: Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma have a high prevalence and disease burden. Blended self-management interventions, which combine eHealth with face-to-face interventions, can help reduce the disease burden. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to examine the effectiveness of blended self-management interventions on health-related effectiveness and process outcomes for people with COPD or asthma. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, COCHRANE Library, Emcare, and Embase were searched in December 2018 and updated in November 2020. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) 2 tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Results: A total of 15 COPD and 7 asthma randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The meta-analysis of COPD studies found that the blended intervention showed a small improvement in exercise capacity (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.48; 95% CI 0.10-0.85) and a significant improvement in the quality of life (QoL; SMD 0.81; 95% CI 0.11-1.51). Blended intervention also reduced the admission rate (relative ratio [RR] 0.61; 95% CI 0.38-0.97). In the COPD systematic review, regarding the exacerbation frequency, both studies found that the intervention reduced exacerbation frequency (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.26-0.56). A large effect was found on BMI (d=0.81; 95% CI 0.25-1.34); however, the effect was inconclusive because only 1 study was included. Regarding medication adherence, 2 of 3 studies found a moderate effect (d=0.73; 95% CI 0.50-0.96), and 1 study reported a mixed effect. Regarding self-management ability, 1 study reported a large effect (d=1.15; 95% CI 0.66-1.62), and no effect was reported in that study. No effect was found on other process outcomes. The meta-analysis of asthma studies found that blended intervention had a small improvement in lung function (SMD 0.40; 95% CI 0.18-0.62) and QoL (SMD 0.36; 95% CI 0.21-0.50) and a moderate improvement in asthma control (SMD 0.67; 95% CI 0.40-0.93). A large effect was found on BMI (d=1.42; 95% CI 0.28-2.42) and exercise capacity (d=1.50; 95% CI 0.35-2.50); however, 1 study was included per outcome. There was no effect on other outcomes. Furthermore, the majority of the 22 studies showed some concerns about the ROB, and the quality of evidence varied. Conclusions: In patients with COPD, the blended self-management interventions had mixed effects on health-related outcomes, with the strongest evidence found for exercise capacity, QoL, and admission rate. Furthermore, the review suggested that the interventions resulted in small effects on lung function and QoL and a moderate effect on asthma control in patients with asthma. There is some evidence for the effectiveness of blended self-management interventions for patients with COPD and asthma; however, more research is needed. Trial Registration: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019119894; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=119894
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Abstract Background Smoking among people with severe mental illness (SMI) is highly prevalent and strongly associated with poor physical health. Currently, evidence-based smoking cessation interventions are scarce and need to be integrated into current mental health care treatment guidelines and clinical practice. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention in comparison with usual care in people with SMI treated by Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) teams in the Netherlands. Methods A pragmatic, cluster-randomised controlled trial with embedded process evaluation will be conducted. Randomisation will be performed at the level of FACT teams, which will be assigned to the KISMET intervention or a control group (care as usual). The intervention will include pharmacological treatment combined with behavioural counselling and peer support provided by trained mental health care professionals. The intervention was developed using a Delphi study, through which a consensus was reached on the core elements of the intervention. We aim to include a total of 318 people with SMI (aged 18–65 years) who smoke and desire to quit smoking. The primary outcome is smoking status, as verified by carbon monoxide measurements and self-report. The secondary outcomes are depression and anxiety, psychotic symptoms, physical fitness, cardiovascular risks, substance use, quality of life, and health-related self-efficacy at 12 months. Alongside the trial, a qualitative process evaluation will be conducted to evaluate the barriers to and facilitators of its implementation as well as the satisfaction and experiences of both patients and mental health care professionals. Discussion The results of the KISMET trial will contribute to the evidence gap of effective smoking cessation interventions for people treated by FACT teams. Moreover, insights will be obtained regarding the implementation process of the intervention in current mental health care. The outcomes should advance the understanding of the interdependence of physical and mental health and the gradual integration of both within the mental health care system. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register, NTR9783. Registered on 18 October 2021.
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