Zoekresultaten

Infectious complications after major abdominal cancer surgery

Major resections for esophageal, gastric, hepatic, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer continue to be associated with a high peri-operative morbidity of up to 30%–40%. To a large extent, this morbidity is caused by infectious complications that add up to a considerable burden to patients and hospital costs. The objective of this large retrospective cross-sectional study was to determine independent patient and operation-related risk factors for infectious complications after major abdominal cancer operations to elucidate how infection rates can be reduced and improve health-care quality. In this study, several independent risk factors for infectious complications in major abdominal cancer operations were identified, providing opportunities for further reducing peri-operative infections.

Hypothes.is: Playing with Digital Texts’ Expandable Confines

Wilders en de media - verklaringen voor verleiding.

Dit paper onderzoekt de oorsprong van Geert Wilders' media-appeal. Geen Nederlandse politicus heeft in de voorbije vijf jaar zoveel journalistieke aandacht gegenereerd als de leider van de Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV). Althans, dat is een wijdverbreid idee onder politici, academici en journalisten zelf. Hier staat de vraag centraal wat Wilders aantrekkelijk maakt als onderwerp en bron van nieuws voor Nederlandse journalisten. Daartoe wordt eerst een overzicht gegeven van theorieën die verklaren hoe (rechts-) populistische politici media-aandacht verkrijgen. In het algemeen geldt daarbij dat zij - om succesvol te zijn - evenwicht trachten te vinden tussen een outsiderpositie die hen nieuwswaardig maakt, en een establishment-positie die hen geloofwaardigheid verschaft bij zowel publiek, medepolitici als media. In een secundaire analyse worden vervolgens 62 studies onderzocht die in de voorbije jaren zijn gedaan naar Wilders en naar zijn verhouding met de media. Hieruit blijkt dat Wilders in sterke mate voldoet aan het profiel van de rechts-populistische politicus uit de literatuur, maar dat hij tegelijkertijd een autoriteit, effectiviteit en legitimiteit bezit die hem mainstream maken. Beide - ogenschijnlijk tegenstrijdige - beelden van de PVV-leider verklaren zijn aantrekkingskracht voor journalisten: dat van outsider én dat van insider. Hij komt daarmee vergaand tegemoet aan medialogica en wat deze van politici vraagt. Bovendien verschaffen de felle reacties van tegenstanders hem extra publiciteit: reacties die hij vaak zelf oproept door zijn emotionele, provocatieve en confronterende boodschap.

The Science-Policy Nexus: Colonial Modernity Logics of Cultural Distance and Knowledge Production in European Integration Regimes

Scientific research from within and beyond academia continues to provide the justification and the knowledge for policy developments directed toward migration and integration governance. A proliferation of scholarship aims to study, pilot, and investigate the ‘best practices’ for facilitating integration, which is then taken up in advice to policy makers. Many authors have written about this science-policy nexus (Boswell 2009; Penninx, Garcés-Mascareñas, and Scholten 2005; Scholten et al. 2015; Verbeek, Entzinger, and Scholten 2015) These works have also engaged in critical reflection, problematizing this nexus and demonstrating how funding structures draw researchers not only into addressing short-term policy goals, but also into reproducing some of the essentialist worldviews that come with methodological nationalism (Wimmer and Glick Schiller 2002) and the ‘national order of things’ (Malkki 1995). Yet, the colonial legacies and dis/continuities of these logics in integrationism have not received much attention so far.The paper takes a critical lens on the implications of the science-policy complicity in reproducing colonial logics of ‘cultural distance’, based on perspectives and empirical research from different national (Netherlands and Switzerland) and supra-national (EU) contexts. We analyse texts which shape the civic integration programme in the Netherlands, the genealogy of the integration requirement to respect the values of the constitution in Switzerland, and the EU framework on migrant integration. This combined analysis brings forth the role scientists and knowledge producers play in (re)producing the colonial logics within integrationism, and their contributions to the regime of truth within which integration discourse operates. Throughout this article, we draw on examples from these different contexts to display that integration and its migranticized (Dahinden 2016) subjects are constructed through practices deemed as scientific or objective expertise, building on important work by Schinkel (2018) on integration research as “neocolonial knowledge production” and Favell’s (2022) critical reflections on integration indicator frameworks. As we demonstrate, the “idea of integration as an issue of cultural distance is rendered imaginable in and through colonial legacies and scientific practices from which policy draws legitimacy. We show how cultural distance is produced in the scientification of migrants’ assimilability in a ‘Western work ethic’, in measurement of migrants’ adherence to liberal values, and through constructions of integration drawing on social imaginaries of national and European identity. Importantly, we argue that by presenting this cultural distance as a product of objective, scientific processes of empirical observation, the notion of cultural distance is normalised and depoliticized, which ultimately legitimizes integrationism as a mode of governance.The present study builds on important contributions (by Schinkel 2017; Favell 2022; Korteweg 2017; Bonjour and Duyvendak 2017, and others) in attempting to destabilize the normalization of integrationism as the widely accepted mode of governance of ‘immigrant’ or ‘ethnic’ populations and their inherent and problematic ‘distance’. The content and structure of this summer school in post-colonial Amsterdam would allow us to continue our critical reflexive discussions to better understand the colonial logics at play and how they operate in multiple contexts and at multiple levels of governance, in and beyond integration

Ethical and legal concerns

Project objectives Radicalisation research leads to ethical and legal questions and issues. These issues need to be addressed in way that helps the project progress in ethically and legally acceptable manner. Description of Work The legal analysis in SAFIRE addressed questions such as which behavior associated with radicalisation is criminal behaviour. The ethical issues were addressed throughout the project in close cooperation between the ethicists and the researchers using a method called ethical parallel research. Results A legal analysis was made about criminal law and radicalisation. During the project lively discussions were held in the research team about ethical issues. An ethical justification for interventions in radicalisation processes has been written. With regard to research ethics: An indirect informed consent procedure for interviews with (former) radicals has been designed. Practical guidelines to prevent obtaining information that could lead to indirect identification of respondents were developed.

Occupation, colonisation, and apartheid tourism in Israeli settlements in occupied Palestine.

The Israeli human rights organization B'Tselem has classified Israel as an ‘apartheid regime’ for the first time in its history of documenting human rights violations in occupied Palestine, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip. The primary goal of this conceptual paper is to investigate Israel's exploitation of Palestinian tourism and international complicity by focusing on critical examples of international companies and businesses that contribute to the business of Israeli colonisation by confusing tourists and exploiting a lack of knowledge. The study finds that Israel abides by the concept of apartheid in international law, which involves inhumane acts carried out by one racial group to create and retain dominance over any other racial group of people and systematically oppress them.