In this paper, we explore the design of web-based advice robots to enhance users' confidence in acting upon the provided advice. Drawing from research on algorithm acceptance and explainable AI, we hypothesise four design principles that may encourage interactivity and exploration, thus fostering users' confidence to act. Through a value-oriented prototype experiment and value-oriented semi-structured interviews, we tested these principles, confirming three of them and identifying an additional principle. The four resulting principles: (1) put context questions and resulting advice on one page and allow live, iterative exploration, (2) use action or change oriented questions to adjust the input parameters, (3) actively offer alternative scenarios based on counterfactuals, and (4) show all options instead of only the recommended one(s), appear to contribute to the values of agency and trust. Our study integrates the Design Science Research approach with a Value Sensitive Design approach.
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In this paper, we explore the design of web-based advice robots to enhance users' confidence in acting upon the provided advice. Drawing from research on algorithm acceptance and explainable AI, we hypothesise four design principles that may encourage interactivity and exploration, thus fostering users' confidence to act. Through a value-oriented prototype experiment and valueoriented semi-structured interviews, we tested these principles, confirming three of them and identifying an additional principle. The four resulting principles: (1) put context questions and resulting advice on one page and allow live, iterative exploration, (2) use action or change oriented questions to adjust the input parameters, (3) actively offer alternative scenarios based on counterfactuals, and (4) show all options instead of only the recommended one(s), appear to contribute to the values of agency and trust. Our study integrates the Design Science Research approach with a Value Sensitive Design approach.
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This qualitative study examined how the complex institutional context of gas extraction in Groningen affects relations and processes of trust, and seeks to better understand what is necessary for restoring trust. In the Groningen gas case, responsibilities for dealing with multiple negative consequences of gas extraction are shared by many different organizations who together form a complex institutional system. Numerous professionals are doing their best to help solve the problems. As individuals, case managers and other professionals are seen as benevolent and hard-working people. But as representatives of (large) institutions these professionals struggle to be seen as trustworthy because of persistent problems with institutional performance, with professionals themselves feeling they have insufficient discretionary power. More than interpersonal trust, a different form of trust appears to be at stake here: confidence in the system itself. According to many respondents, confidence in the system is low because the perceived interests of the institutions that shaped this system are not aligned with those of residents and the region. In addition, the positions of power and responsibility within this system are opaque to both residents and professionals. Moreover, the institutional system is perceived to be based on a distrustful attitude toward citizens in general, resulting in elaborate procedures for accountability, control and monitoring. These factors have become obstacles to restoring confidence in the system, no matter how well residents and professionals get along as individuals.
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Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a pattern of alcohol use that involves having trouble controlling drinking behaviour, even when it causes health issues (addiction) or problems functioning in daily (social and professional) life. Moreover, festivals are a common place where large crowds of festival-goers experience challenges refusing or controlling alcohol and substance use. Studies have shown that interventions at festivals are still very problematic. ARise is the first project that wants to help prevent AUD at festivals using Augmented Reality (AR) as a tool to help people, particular festival visitors, to say no to alcohol (and other substances). ARise is based on the on the first Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy (ARET) in the world that we developed for clinical treatment of AUD. It is an AR smartphone driven application in which (potential) visitors are confronted with virtual humans that will try to seduce the user to accept an alcoholic beverage. These virtual humans are projected in the real physical context (of a festival), using innovative AR glasses. Using intuitive phone, voice and gesture interactions, it allows users to personalize the safe experience by choosing different drinks and virtual humans with different looks and levels of realism. ARET has been successfully developed and tested on (former) AUD patients within a clinical setting. Research with patients and healthcare specialists revealed the wish to further develop ARET as a prevention tool to reach people before being diagnosed with AUD and to extend the application for other substances (smoking and pills). In this project, festival visitors will experience ARise and provide feedback on the following topics: (a) experience, (b) awareness and confidence to refuse alcohol drinks, (c) intention to use ARise, (d) usability & efficiency (the level of realism needed), and (e) ideas on how to extend ARise with new substances.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a strong rope-like tissue which connects the femur to the tibia in the knee joint. Its function is to provide structural stability to the knee while preventing unnatural forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. Acute complete ACL ruptures during movements like knee hyperextension or sudden changes of direction (pivoting) damage two entities: the ligament itself and its nerve connections to the posterior tibial nerve (PTN). PTN innervation in the ACL is essential for: a) proprioception (e.g. perception of position and movement/acceleration experienced by the ligament), and b) stability of the knee joint. Upon ACL rupture, the orthopedic surgeon reconstructs the ACL with a graft from the hamstring, patellar or quadriceps tendon. After the surgery, the goal is to regain neuromuscular control and dynamic stabilization during rehabilitation as soon as possible for a quick return to sports and daily activities. However, surgeons are not able to reconstruct the nerve gap between the PTN and the grafted ligament due to the microscopic size of the innervation in the ACL. Not linking the PTN to the graft creates a disconnection between the knee joint and the spinal cord. To mitigate these disadvantages in ACL surgery, this study focuses on activating the growth of proprioception nerve endings using a ligament loaded with growth factors (neurotrophins). We hypothesize that neurotrophins will activate proprioceptive fibers of neurons close to the ACL. We describe graft fabrication steps and in vitro experiments to expand on the regeneration capacity of a commercially available ACL-like synthetic ligament called LARS. The results will bring the ACL regeneration field closer to having a graft that can aid patients in regaining mobility and stability during locomotion and running, confidence in the strength of the knee joint, and quick return to sports.
Kinderen van ouders met psychische problemen of verslavingsproblemen (KOPP/KOV) ervaren vaak chronische stress, mentale en lichamelijke gezondheidsproblemen. Ook hun financiële situatie, sociale welzijn en studiesucces kunnen worden beïnvloed door het leven met ouders met psychische en/of verslavingsproblematiek. Vaak zijn zij niet in beeld bij professionals of krijgen alleen verbale therapieën, zoals cognitieve gedragstherapie, terwijl lichaamsgerichte activiteiten geschikter lijken voor mensen die niet makkelijk over gevoelens praten. Sport en bewegen worden weinig ingezet in preventieve en behandelprogramma’s voor KOPP/KOV, alhoewel sport en bewegen positief zijn geassocieerd met gezondheid en welzijn. Boksen heeft aantrekkingskracht op jongeren in kwetsbare posities, heeft de potentie om het zelfvertrouwen, de persoonlijke groei en mentale gezondheid van KOPP/KOV te bevorderen en victimisatie te voorkomen of beperken. Voorwaarde is dat de manier waarop, en context waarin, het boksen wordt aangeboden zijn afgestemd op de wensen, behoeften en mogelijkheden van de doelgroep. Vanuit boks-, sport-, welzijns- en zorgprofessionals is er op dit moment een duidelijke vraag maar ook discussie over de manier waarop boksen ingezet kan worden als adequate preventieve interventie voor KOPP/KOV. Om deze handelingsverlegenheid weg te nemen, vragen bokstrainers maar ook buurtsportcoaches, welzijns- en zorgprofessionals om hulp bij het komen tot een passende en veilige boksinterventie die de mentale gezondheid van KOPP/KOV bevordert. Vanuit ondernemers perspectief zijn er daarnaast ook vragen rondom financiering en scholing van de trainers. Met een ontwerpgerichte aanpak wordt in dit project de volgende onderzoeksvraag beantwoord: “Aan welke inhoudelijke en organisatorische criteria moet een boksinterventie ter bevordering van de mentale gezondheid van KOPP/KOVV in de leeftijd 16-24 jaar voldoen?”. Het beantwoorden van deze vraag zal resulteren in een boksinterventie die kan worden aangeboden in samenwerking tussen ondernemers binnen de boks- en sportwereld én welzijns- en zorgprofessionals, en inzicht geven in de werkzame elementen, bruikbaarheid en haalbaarheid van deze lichaamsgerichte interventie voor KOPP/KOV.
