In wheelchair rugby (WR) athletes with tetraplegia, wheelchair performance may be impaired due to (partial) loss of innervation of upper extremity and trunk muscles, and low blood pressure (BP). The objective was to assess the effects of electrical stimulation (ES)-induced co-contraction of trunk muscles on trunk stability, arm force/power, BP, and WR performance.
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Dit boek geeft een antwoord op de vraag hoe sociale innovaties invulling kunnen geven aan de duurzaamheidstransitie cq. de zoektocht naar een natuurlijk sociaal contract. De relatie tussen burger, samenleving en overheid, en daarbij behorende rechten en plichten, is de kern van een sociaal contract en vormt de basis van onze moderne democratie. Maar de complexe uitdagingen van de 21ste eeuw vereisen een transitie richting een nieuw, Natuurlijk Sociaal Contract dat de relatie tussen de mens en zijn sociale en natuurlijke leefomgeving herstelt. Zonder deze omwenteling zal van structureel duurzame oplossingen weinig terechtkomen. Een Natuurlijk Sociaal Contract gaat over de inrichting en organisatie van een duurzame samenleving, maar dit vergt een noodzakelijke transitie: van onze huidige benadering waarin de individuele mens en economische groei centraal staan, naar een meer ecocentrisch en regeneratief model. Daarmee kunnen we onze samenleving en onze planeet gezond houden, ook voor toekomstige generaties. Dat vergt van elk individu, gezin, bedrijf of organisatie een transitie van ego-bewustzijn naar eco-bewustzijn. Elke sociale innovatie die de impact heeft van een doorbraak- of systeeminnovatie binnen de duurzaamheidstransitie, levert een belangrijke bijdrage aan dit natuurlijk sociaal contract.
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This open access book states that the endemic societal faultlines of our times are deeply intertwined and that they confront us with challenges affecting the security and sustainability of our societies. It states that new ways of inhabiting and cultivating our planet are needed to keep it healthy for future generations. This requires a fundamental shift from the current anthropocentric and economic growth-oriented social contract to a more ecocentric and regenerative natural social contract. The author posits that in a natural social contract, society cannot rely on the market or state alone for solutions to grand societal challenges, nor leave them to individual responsibility. Rather, these problems need to be solved through transformative social-ecological innovation (TSEI), which involves systemic changes that affect sustainability, health and justice. The TSEI framework presented in this book helps to diagnose and advance innovation and change across sectors and disciplines, and at different levels of governance. It identifies intervention points and helps formulate sustainable solutions for policymakers, administrators, concerned citizens and professionals in moving towards a more just and equitable society.
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The main aim of KiNESIS is to create a Knowledge Alliance among academia, NGOs, communities, local authorities, businesses to develop a program of multidisciplinary activities in shrinking areas with the aim of promoting and fostering ideas, projects, workforce, productivity and attractiveness. The problems affecting peripheral territories in rural or mountain areas of the interior regions, compared to small, medium or large population centres and large European capitals, are related to complex but clear phenomena: the emigration of young generations, abandonment and loneliness of elderly people, the loss of jobs, the deterioration of buildings and land, the closing of schools and related services, the disappearance of traditions and customs, the contraction of local governments, which in absence of adequate solutions can only generate worse conditions, leading to the abandonment of areas rich in history, culture and traditions. It is important that these communities - spread all over Europe - are not abandoned since they are rich in cultural traditions, which need to be preserved with a view to new developments, intended as "intelligent" rebirth and recovery.The focus of KiNESIS is to converge the interest of different stakeholders by recalling various skills around abandoned villages to make them "smart" and "attractive".Keeping in mind the triangular objectives of cooperation and innovation of research, higher education and business of the Knowledge Alliance action, the project aims are: i) revitalising depopulated areas by stimulating entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills; ii) creating local living laboratories, shared at European level, in which the exchange of knowledge, best practices, experiences can help promote social inclusion and entrepreneurial development;iii) experimenting new, innovative and multidisciplinary approaches in teaching and learning; iv) facilitating the exchange, flow and co-creation of knowledge at a local and global level.
