For the Dam tot damloop, a running event with 36,757 participants and 115,000 visitors, both an economic impact analysis (IEA) and a social cost benefit analysis (SCBA) are made to study the (broader) economic effects. Three overlapping geographical regions are studied and two new estimates of non-market goods are used. For the hosting cities the net social gain from the SCBA is at least three times the EIA’s economic impact. The larger the geographical area studied, the larger the differences between EIA and SCBA, because the EIA outcome falls and the SCBA outcome increases. A lower multiplier than 1 lowers the EIA much more than it lowers the SCBA. This study shows that an EIA is not suited for evaluating the welfare effects of public support for a sport event. The difference in outcome between EIA and SCBA is substantial. Valuing non-market effects is done infrequently but is crucial for understanding the welfare effects of policies supporting sport events. Organizing an event for social and city marketing benefits can be a better reason than organizing for the direct economic gains.
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In this article, we describe the emergence of a new Finance course in line with the concept of the Societal Cost-Benefit Analysis (SCBA). By means of an in-depth case study, we reconstruct the process of dissatisfaction and corresponding discussions among lecturers and students of the Master Integrated Care Design with regard to the learning aims and content of the Finance course, which is a study module of this master. During the period 2015-2021, the aims and content of this module were revised and remoulded several times in order to define a Finance course that was able to both sufficiently and creatively connect the domain of Integrated Care with that of Finance. In this process of reiterating revision both lectures and students played a crucial role. The ultimate result – the indicative Societal Cost-Benefit Analysis – was unexpected and unplanned, producing an outcome that surpassed the sum of its separate parts. In short, the process, as we describe in this case study, bears all the hallmarks of emergence. Moreover, the analysis shows how this process of emergence in combination with emergent leadership led to a practicable and encouraging outcome, which satisfied and committed all stakeholders, setting an example that is worth following.
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In December of 2004 the Directorate General for Research and Technological Development (DG RTD) of the European Commission (EC) set up a High-Level Expert Group to propose a series of measures to stimulate the reporting of Intellectual Capital in research intensive Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). The Expert Group has focused on enterprises that either perform Research and Development (R&D), or use the results of R&D to innovate and has also considered the implications for the specialist R&D units of larger enterprises, dedicated Research & Technology Organizations and Universities. In this report the Expert Group presents its findings, leading to six recommendations to stimulate the reporting of Intellectual Capital in SMEs by raising awareness, improving reporting competencies, promoting the use of IC Reporting and facilitating standardization.
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