The aim of part 3 is the development of basic instruments to measure respondent resilience to disinformation. Cases and examples of disinformation that will be used in the instruments will be taken from a COVID-19 context when applicable. People who are resilient to COVID-19 disinformation are supposed to be ‘media or information literate’. Therefore, the construct that is aimed to be measured with the instruments is Media and Information Literacy, abbreviated as MIL. Instruments that will be developed must be adaptable for different target groups (pupils, library staff and teachers). The basic instruments will therefore contain for instance scales that can be modified to measure the effectiveness of the train-the-trainer workshops as well as that of fake news workshops in secondary education. Final instruments will be used in the IO3 phase to make recommendations for improvement. Analyses of results of those final assessments will be performed for each country separately. Because the basic instruments that will be developed in output 1 are intended to be used as pre- and post-tests in output 2, the focus will be on the impact of the interventions. For evaluating the processes during the interventions and the participant experiences, extra instruments should be developed.
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Based on 13 interviews with Eritrean status holders and professionals in Amsterdam this article explores how paying attention to media skills and media literacies may help gain a better understanding of what matters in exchanges between professionals and legal refugees in the mandatory Dutch integration process. Media literacy needs to be decolonised in order to do so. Starting as an inquiry into how professionals and their clients have different ideas of what constitutes “inclusive communication,” analysis of the interviews provides insight into how there is a need to (a) renegotiate citizenship away from the equation of neoliberal values with good citizenship and recognising needs and ambitions outside a neoliberal framework, (b) rethink components of formal and informal communication, and (c) reconceptualise media literacies beyond Western‐oriented definitions. We propose that professionals and status holders need to understand how and when they (can) trust media and sources; how what we might call “open‐mindedness to the media literacy of others” is a dialogic performative skill that is linked to contexts of time and place. It requires self‐reflective approach to integration, and the identities of being a professional and an Eritrean stakeholder. Co‐designing such media literacy training will bring reflexivity rather than the more generic term “competence” within the heart of both media literacy and inclusive communication.
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The purpose of this literature study was to obtain an overview of previous civic literacy projects and their characteristics as primarily described in educational science literature. Eighteen academic articles on civic literacy projects in higher education were studied in detail and coded using the qualitative data analysis instrument, Atlas.ti. The codes and quotations compiled were then divided in various categories and represented in a two-axis model. The definitions of ‘civic literacy’ found in the literature varied from an interest in social issues and a critical attitude to a more activist attitude (axis number 1). The analysis of the literature showed that, especially in more recent years, more students than citizens have benefited from civic literacy projects in higher education (axis number 2). The visualization of the findings in the two-axis model helps to place civic literacy projects in a broader frame. The final authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13472-3_9
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