Coastal and marine cultural heritage (CMCH) is at risk due to its location and its often indefinable value. As these risks are likely to intensify in the future, there is an urgent need to build CMCH resilience. We argue that the current CMCH risk management paradigm narrowly focuses on the present and preservation. This tends to exclude debates about the contested nature of resilience and how it may be achieved beyond a strict preservationist approach. There is a need, therefore, to progress a broader and more dynamic framing of CMCH management that recognises the shift away from strict preservationist approaches and incorporates the complexity of heritage’s socio-political contexts. Drawing on critical cultural heritage literature, we reconceptualise CMCH management by rethinking the temporality of cultural heritage. We argue that cultural heritage may exist in four socio-temporal manifestations (extant, lost, dormant, and potential) and that CMCH management consists of three broad socio-political steering processes (continuity, discontinuity, and transformation). Our reconceptualisation of CMCH management is a first step in countering the presentness trap in CMCH management. It provides a useful conceptual framing through which to understand processes beyond the preservationist approach and raises questions about the contingent and contested nature of CMCH, ethical questions around loss and transformation, and the democratisation of cultural heritage management.
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The advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has had and is having a major impact on Indonesian cultural resource management, and on the safeguarding methods of its tangible and intangible cultural heritages. Despite varied levels and visible gaps between rural and urban regions in terms of technology usage, innovative initiatives have been created, which correspond to the needs and expectations of a technology-savvy public. As a starting point, a number of public institutions dealing with tangible cultural heritage (e.g. museums, palaces, temples, World Heritage Sites (WHS) do use innovative digital tools in order to communicate to various audiences, as well as to enrich visitors' experience, especially taking into consideration young generations. This paper will firstly examine the role of ICTs in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) (e.g. Batik, Wayang puppet theatre, etc.); secondly, the authors will explain how ICTs can help to communicate and promote the values, history, and significances of ICH products, both for locals and tourists, with the goal of raising awareness on cultural identity. However, the knowledge of ICH still requires contacts with its own communities and is vulnerable, as it can be exposed to excessive cultural commoditization through e-platforms. This study aims at giving an overview and some examples of digital interventions for cultural heritage communication implemented by various stakeholders in Indonesia. In addition, this paper analyses to what extent a participatory approach engaging local communities, academics, private sectors, NGOs and the government, can ensure higher levels of effectiveness and efficiency, hence supporting the conservation of UNESCO tangible/ICH in Indonesia. This paper aims at: (1) presenting the development of digital heritage platforms in Indonesia; (2) providing a grid of analysis of digital heritage knowledge platforms dedicated to UNESCO tangible and ICH in forms of websites and mobile apps.
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City growth threatens sustainable development of cities. Over the past decades increased urbanization has created more pressure - not only on the suburban outskirts - but also in the inner core of the cities, putting important environmental issues such as water management and cultural heritage under stress. Cultural heritage, either standing monuments or archaeological remains, is internationally recognized as an important legacy of our history. The European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage incorporates concepts and ideas that have become accepted practice in Europe. Conservation and enhancement of archaeological heritage is one of the goals of urban planning policies. One of the key objectives of the European policy is to protect, preferably in-situ, archaeological remains buried in the soil or seabed and to incorporate archaeological heritage into spatial planning policies. Conflicts with prior uses and unappreciated impacts on other subsurface resources, amongst them archaeological heritage, make use of underground space in cities suboptimal. In terms of ecosystem services, the subsurface environment acts either as a carrier of archaeological heritage in situ (stewardship) or supports above-ground cultural heritage. Often, it’s not enough to protect the heritage site or monument itself: new developments outside a specific protected area can lead to changes in groundwater level, and cause serious damage to heritage buildings and archaeological deposits. This paper presents good practices in cultural heritage management and the use of subsurface knowledge in urban areas.
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Palestine is a physical and symbolic space of great importance to three major monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The land of many narratives stands in the midst of dynamic interactions that affect many aspects of people’s lives. Protecting, conserving, and promoting heritage and history for development are essential responsibilities of many stakeholders in the cultural sector. Moreover, cultural heritage and the creative industries have considerable potential for the economic development and sustainability of a Palestinian state. This chapter will deal with cultural heritage in Palestine and report the recent developments that took place in terms of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and protection initiatives. In addition, this chapter will address the obstacles, impacts of the Israeli occupation of Palestine, and opportunities of this particular market.
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This paper proposes a new framework for the production and development of immersive and playful technologies in cultural heritage in which different stakeholders such as users and local communities are involved early on in the product development chain. We believe that an early stage of co-creation in the design process produces a clear understanding of what users struggle with, facilitates the creation of community ownership and helps in better defining the design challenge at hand. We show that adopting such a framework has several direct and indirect benefits, including a deeper sense of site and product ownership as direct benefits to the individual, and the creation and growth of tangential economies to the community.
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The online presence of organizations is long gone from being just a web page. Social media have enabled easy and inexpensive interaction between millions of individuals and communities. This has not gone unnoticed by cultural heritage institutes. The question is what all these social media activities bring. Even if an institute knows what it tries to achieve online, the metrics often consist of confusing accumulation of statistics, across several systems and reveal little about online user behaviour, engagement and satisfaction. In the research project Museum Compass a prototype of a social media monitor is developed, which will contain data of current and historic online activities on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Foursquare and Flickr of all registered Dutch museums. The first version of this monitor has been developed, and we believe that this is a good moment to discuss – mostly in a practical sense – our general approach and preliminary results.
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The shallow subsurface in historic cities often contains extensive archaeological remains, also known as cultural deposits. Preservation conditions for naturally degradable archaeological remains are strongly dependent on the presence or absence of groundwater. One of the main goals at such heritage sites is to establish a stable hydrological environment. Green infrastructural solutions such as Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) can support preservation of cultural deposits. Several cases show that implementation of SUDS can be cost effective at preservation of cultural deposits. These include Motte of Montferland, City mound of Vlaardingen, Weiwerd in Delfzijl, and the Leidse Rijn area. In all cases, the amount of underground infrastructure is minimised to prevent damaging cultural layers. SUDS have been implemented to preserve cultural heritage. The first monitoring results and evaluation of the processes give valuable lessons learned, transnational knowledge exchange is an important element to bring the experiences across boundaries.
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This conceptual paper examines the Fred Harvey Company, a key entity that helped develop tourism at Southwestern national parks, in particular Grand Canyon National Park and Petrified Forest National Park. The article describes some of the influences of this organization on the image of tourism in the Southwest, from the thematic design of spaces to the commercializing of Native American cultural heritage. After examining these impacts, the contemporary state of interpretation in these national parks is highlighted. Drawing on not only the natural and cultural resources of the region, organizations such as the National Park Service or Xanterra Travel Collection employ the historical hospitality foundations of the sites to create a multi-layered image of the national park as well as connect to tourist identities.
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Deze rapportage is het resultaat van een praktijkgericht onderzoek naar een bijzonder project De Kunst van Delen. In samenwerking met het Grijze Koppen Orkest, hebben diverse organisaties uit Utrecht door middel van het project De Kunst van Delen een bijdrage geleverd aan Utrecht als Age Friendly Cultural City (AFCC). Deze onderzoeksrapportage is als volgt opgebouwd: In het eerste hoofdstuk schetsen we de achtergrond en context van het project De Kunst van Delen en het onderzoeksdoel en de onderzoeksvraag worden gepresenteerd. In hoofdstuk 2 staan de eerste onderzoeksstap, de participerende observaties, en de tussenresultaten daarvan beschreven. Hoofdstuk 3 behandelt de tweede onderzoeksstap: de individuele interviews en de tussenresultaten ervan, in de vorm van de belangrijkste voorwaarden van het project De Kunst van Delen voor de ontwikkeling van stad Utrecht als Age Friendly Cultural City. In hoofdstuk 4 is te lezen hoe de validering van die voorwaarden heeft plaatsgevonden en wat deze validering heeft opgeleverd. Dat is de derde stap in het onderzoek. Als vierde en laatste stap in het onderzoeksproces, is op basis van die gevalideerde voorwaarden een verkennend literatuur-onderzoek uitgevoerd. Dit literatuuronderzoek is te lezen in hoofdstuk 5. In hoofdstuk 6 zijn tot slot de conclusie en aanbevelingen van dit verkennend praktijkgericht onderzoek te vinden.
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Cultural heritage buildings and sites are threatened by the effects of climate change, especially in coastal zones. Risks not only include floods and submersion, but also less visible risks such as effects of moisture levels or, alternatively, drought. At the same time, it is important to involve people in the care of heritage buildings and sites, to stimulate them to cherish, admire, and to enrich their lives with the heritage locations, buildings and stories.This paper aims to contribute to our knowledge on the application of valuation approaches. The topic of heritage and sustainability calls for an approach that encompasses a broad range of values. Theoretically, this paper relies on the approach of ‘Design for Values’. This approach starts with the identification of the values that are aspired to in a design project. These values are connected to norms, which describe how the identified value can be reached. On a more technical or concrete level, requirements are noted down, which specify the precise conditions a design must fulfill. In this way, a ‘value hierarchy’ can be outlined, which forms a guide for the designing process. In a value hierarchy, the levels are connected in two ways: downward by ‘specification’, and upwards, by the phrase ‘for the sake of’. After the design is finalized, a verification step is needed to ascertain if the aspired values indeed have been achieved in the design.The empirical case study for this paper is provided by the investigations of the Wisloujcsie Fortress and surrounding area at the SOS-workshop in Gdansk in October 2022. In our investigation of the site several problems and challenges came to light, which we summarized in a SWOT-analysis. For sustainable development of the area and the conservation of cultural and natural heritage we identified values connected to heritage, water, public access, and social values, see figure 1. In the paper, we will further elaborate on the norms and requirements that follow from each of these values. Also, we want to reflect on a preliminary verification step. We conclude that to produce designs that successfully achieve the climate and sustainability goals of the SOS-Climate Waterfront project, a ‘model valuation framework’ could be a useful guide for the design process. The first elements of such a framework are presented in our paper. Applying such a valuation framework stimulates ethical reflection during the design process and evaluation of the result. It thereby strengthens the connections between sustainability goals and urban design.
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