This book brings together voices from various fields of intellectual inquiry, based on the idea that technological, legal and societal aspects of the information sphere are interlinked and co-dependent from each other. In order to tackle the existing gap in shared semantics, this glossary converges the efforts of experts from various disciplines to build a shared vocabulary on the social, technical, economic, political aspects of decentralised, distributed or sovereign technologies: artefacts which seek to challenge the techno-social status quo by, for example, circumventing law enforcement, resisting surveillance, or being participative.The idea ofthis glossary arose from the need for a workable, flexible and multidisciplinary resource for terminological clarity, which reflects instead of denying complexity. Situating the terms emerging through technology development in the wider context of multidisciplinary scientific, policy and political discourses, this glossary provides a conceptual toolkit for the study of the various political, economic, legal and technical struggles that decentralised, encryption-based, peer-to-peer technologies bring about and go through.Choosing relevant technology-related terms and understanding them is to investigate their affordances within a given ecosystem of actors, discourses and systems of incentives. This requires an interdisciplinary, multi-layered approach that is attentive to the interlinkages between technological design nuances and socio-political, economic implications.The glossary was envisioned as a long-term collaborative project, and as a work-in-progress, as new entries are periodically added over time. The present book collects the entries published on the Internet Policy Review between 2021 and 2023. Therefore, it represents the first volume of what hopefully will be a long-term, ever-evolving editorial collaboration, whose sources of inspiration and goals evolve with the evolving of the broader discussions on decentralized technologies.
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In the dynamic environment of increasing regulations, increasing patient demand, decentralization of budgets and enforcement of efficiency, small sized healthcare institutions in the Netherlands are having a difficult time. Although these service providers are usually capable of flexibly delivering healthcare, the investment and overhead for implementing and executing on required quality management standards like ISO 9001 is difficult. In this paper we construct a method for the implementation of an IT-enabled quality management system for small sized healthcare institutions, which is applied through case study. The case organisation provides intra- and extramural care for mentally handicapped persons and young adults with a psychiatric disorder. The quality management system implementation is based on 1) a lightweight IT infrastructure (based at a secure data centre and accessible through remote login) implying secure storage of patients' medical and personal information. Furthermore, the Deming (Deming, 1982) cycle enabled processes and protocols are 2) described in an e-handbook and prototyped via an open source process management system which supports the quality regulation demanded for providing care to patients. The case study supports the validity of our method and the fact that small sized healthcare institutions are able to execute their care while adhering to ISO 9001-like standards, with limited initial costs and relatively low cost of ownership
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This article presents a case study on the implementation of the Thames Estuary 2100 Plan in the Royal Docks, a regeneration project in the East of London. On paper, the Thames Estuary 2100 Plan advances the shift from traditional flood control to flood resilience, because of its long-term horizon, estuary-wide approach, and emphasis on floodplain management. In practice, however, we identify three frictions between vision and reality: a lack of local ownership of the plan, a lack of clear guidance for floodplain management, and limited capacities with local authority. These frictions suggest an ongoing ‘public-public divide’ in decentralized governance.
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This is the age of network extinction. Small is trivial. Notorious vagueness and non-commitment on the side of slackerish members killed the once cute, postmodern construct of networks. Platforms did the rest. Decentralization may be the flavour of the day, but no one is talking about networks anymore as a solution for the social media mess. Where have all the networks gone?(This essay was written in August 2019 for the INC/Transmediale co-publication The Eternal Network: The Ends and Becomings of Network Culture that came out on January 28, 2020 at the opening of the Berlin Transmediale festival. You can read and download the publication here. The essay was slightly shortened; below you will find the original text).
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Le Premier ministre néerlandais Mark Rutte annonce en septembre 2014 la fin de l’État-providence et l’avènement de la société participative. Dans cette nouvelle société, chaque citoyen participe activement à la vie sociale et économique. Les citoyens y prennent par exemple la responsabilité de l’entretien de la rue et des espaces verts du quartier. Ils s’entraident et offrent du soutien et des soins aux voisins âgés, malades ou handicapés. Chaque individu y tient sa place dans la mesure de ses capacités personnelles. Par cette démarche, l’aide sociale n’est pas d’abord l’affaire de professionnels et de services sociaux, mais celle d’un réseau informel de personnes présentes dans l’entourage de la personne concernée. En effet, chaque citoyen, patient ou usager est invité à prendre en charge sa propre vie, pour le bien comme pour le mal. Il s’agit d’une dynamique de « Do-it-yourself-care », « le-social-fait-par-vous-même »1. Or, cette attitude du « Do-it-yourself » est aussi revendiquée par les entrepreneurs sociaux qui s’engagent par le bas dans les quartiers selon les principes de la nouvelle économie du partage. Dans ce chapitre, on se concentrera sur la figure de l’entrepreneur qui joue un rôle clé dans le renversement du système social néerlandais en cours. On y voit apparaître la logique du sujet2 déclinée dans la dynamique de subjectivation et de désubjectivation telle qu’évoquée par Michel Wieviorka3.
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Politics of overtourism Technocracy vs Political will A 6th D’s or a paradigm shift? Deseasonalization, Decentralization, Diversification, Deluxe Tourism, Decongestion, Degrowth. A paradigm shift for a new set of indicators for meassuring successful tourism practices. Setting research agenda and new disputes on tourism externalities in times of crises.
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Dutch National Sports Organizations (NSFs) is currently experiencing financial pressures. Two indications for this are described in this paper i.e. increased competition in the sports sector and changes in subsidy division. Decreasing incomes from subsidies can be compensated with either increasing incomes from a commercial domain or increasing incomes from member contributions. This latter solution is gaining interest as a solution for the uncertainties. Many NSFs have therefore participated in a special marketing program in order to enlarge their marketing awareness and create a marketing strategy, in order to (re)win market share on the sports participation market and gain a more stable financial situation. This paper introduces my research related to the introduction of marketing techniques within NSFs and the change-over to become market oriented. An overview of existing literature about creating marketing strategies, their implementation, and market orientation is given. This outline makes obvious that the existing literature is not sufficient for studying the implementation of marketing techniques and market orientation within NSFs. Therefore, it shows the scientific relevance of my research. The paper concludes with the chosen research methodology.
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Citizens’ initiatives are believed to be a suitable alternative approach to service provision, especially in rural areas where services and facilities are under pressure because of depopulation and the decentralization measures of the state. To date, research has mainly focused on successful examples of these types of initiatives, revealing which factors influence success and how success can be facilitated. However, understanding the process of failure is equally important in order to provide the needed support and to increase the chances of success. This paper specifically focuses on citizens’ initiatives that are perceived by their initiators to have failed. This study adopts an integral approach, not only focusing on failure factors but also considering failure as a process. Within the literature, six obstacles to the success of citizens’ initiatives were identified based on studies of success. Three case studies on failed citizens’ initiatives in the Northern Netherlands revealed three themes in the process of perceived failure: interactions with governments and institutions, appropriation and personal investment. We also conclude that the process of perceived failure is dominated by a discrepancy of scale because citizens’ initiatives operate on the local level, yet they depend on and must interact with governments and institutions that operate at the regional level.
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Het evenement From Cash to Code op 6 december 2024 verkende de impact van cryptoactiva en digitaal centrale bankgeld op de toekomst van het financiële systeem. De tweede sessie stond in het teken van de regulering van cryptoactiva binnen de EU. Aleksandra Asscheman, onderzoeker van het lectoraat New Finance, legde uit hoe de nieuwe Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA)-regelgeving moet bijdragen aan het vergroten van vertrouwen in de cryptomarkt en deze eerlijker moet maken. Ze besprak hoe MiCA risico’s zoals consumentenschade en financiële instabiliteit probeert te beperken, maar ook de uitdagingen, zoals de hoge nalevingskosten voor marktdeelnemers.
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