This study aimed to evaluate outcomes and support use in 12- to 25-year-old visitors of the @ease mental health walk-in centres, a Dutch initiative offering free counselling by trained and supervised peers.
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INTRODUCTION: Patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been postulated to present with distinct respiratory subphenotypes. However, most phenotyping schema have been limited by sample size, disregard for temporal dynamics, and insufficient validation. We aimed to identify respiratory subphenotypes of COVID-19-related ARDS using unbiased data-driven approaches.METHODS: PRoVENT-COVID was an investigator-initiated, national, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study at 22 intensive care units (ICUs) in the Netherlands. Consecutive patients who had received invasive mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 (aged 18 years or older) served as the derivation cohort, and similar patients from two ICUs in the USA served as the replication cohorts. COVID-19 was confirmed by positive RT-PCR. We used latent class analysis to identify subphenotypes using clinically available respiratory data cross-sectionally at baseline, and longitudinally using 8-hourly data from the first 4 days of invasive ventilation. We used group-based trajectory modelling to evaluate trajectories of individual variables and to facilitate potential clinical translation. The PRoVENT-COVID study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04346342.FINDINGS: Between March 1, 2020, and May 15, 2020, 1007 patients were admitted to participating ICUs in the Netherlands, and included in the derivation cohort. Data for 288 patients were included in replication cohort 1 and 326 in replication cohort 2. Cross-sectional latent class analysis did not identify any underlying subphenotypes. Longitudinal latent class analysis identified two distinct subphenotypes. Subphenotype 2 was characterised by higher mechanical power, minute ventilation, and ventilatory ratio over the first 4 days of invasive mechanical ventilation than subphenotype 1, but PaO2/FiO2, pH, and compliance of the respiratory system did not differ between the two subphenotypes. 185 (28%) of 671 patients with subphenotype 1 and 109 (32%) of 336 patients with subphenotype 2 had died at day 28 (p=0·10). However, patients with subphenotype 2 had fewer ventilator-free days at day 28 (median 0, IQR 0-15 vs 5, 0-17; p=0·016) and more frequent venous thrombotic events (109 [32%] of 336 patients vs 176 [26%] of 671 patients; p=0·048) compared with subphenotype 1. Group-based trajectory modelling revealed trajectories of ventilatory ratio and mechanical power with similar dynamics to those observed in latent class analysis-derived trajectory subphenotypes. The two trajectories were: a stable value for ventilatory ratio or mechanical power over the first 4 days of invasive mechanical ventilation (trajectory A) or an upward trajectory (trajectory B). However, upward trajectories were better independent prognosticators for 28-day mortality (OR 1·64, 95% CI 1·17-2·29 for ventilatory ratio; 1·82, 1·24-2·66 for mechanical power). The association between upward ventilatory ratio trajectories (trajectory B) and 28-day mortality was confirmed in the replication cohorts (OR 4·65, 95% CI 1·87-11·6 for ventilatory ratio in replication cohort 1; 1·89, 1·05-3·37 for ventilatory ratio in replication cohort 2).INTERPRETATION: At baseline, COVID-19-related ARDS has no consistent respiratory subphenotype. Patients diverged from a fairly homogenous to a more heterogeneous population, with trajectories of ventilatory ratio and mechanical power being the most discriminatory. Modelling these parameters alone provided prognostic value for duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality.
This longitudinal study has examined the associations between perceived supportive and unsupportive spousal behavior and changes in distress in couples coping with cancer. We tested whether people relatively low in their sense of personal control were more responsive to spousal supportive and unsupportive behavior than were people relatively high in personal control. Patients with colorectal cancer and their partners (n = 70) completed questionnaires at two assessment points: 3 (at baseline) and 9 months (at follow-up) after the diagnosis. We assessed perceived spousal supportive (SSL) and unsupportive (SSL-N) behavior, sense of personal control (Pearlin & Schooler's Mastery), and depressive symptoms (CES-D) in both patients and partners. Multilevel analysis (MLwiN) was used to examine changes in distress over time in a dyadic context. Patients and partners who perceived more spousal support reported less distress over time, but this only applied to those relatively low in personal control. Moreover, partners who perceived more unsupportive spousal behavior reported more distress, again only if they were relatively low in personal control. Patients and partners relatively high in personal control reported relatively low levels of distress, regardless of spousal behavior. In conclusion, people relatively low in personal control may be more adversely affected by unsupportive behavior and benefit more from supportive behavior than people relatively high in personal control.
Chronische primaire pijn (pijn zonder duidelijke biomedische oorzaak) is geassocieerd met significante emotionele distress of functionele beperkingen (in activiteiten in het dagelijkse leven of sociale rollen)1,2 Bij zorgzoekende mensen met chronische primaire pijn is vaak sprake van beweegarmoede, verminderde zelfredzaamheid, slaapproblemen, suboptimaal functioneren in werk, hobby en thuis, langdurig ziekteverzuim en sociale isolatie3. Aangezien er geen effectieve behandeling bestaat die chronische pijn kan wegnemen, ligt de fysiotherapeutische focus bij behandeling op de vermindering van de ervaren beperkingen in het dagelijkse functioneren ondanks pijn, het hervatten van betekenisvolle activiteiten en participatie en het verbeteren van kwaliteit van leven. Fysiotherapeuten vragen “Hoe kunnen wij het type beweeggedrag van mensen met chronische pijn objectief meten zodat we hen beter kunnen ondersteunen in het verminderen van beperkingen in het dagelijks functioneren?” Nauwkeurige en objectieve instrumenten voor het meten van het type beweegpatronen zijn belangrijk om functionele beperkingen bij patiënten met chronische pijn goed te kunnen analyseren, om daarop een gepersonaliseerde interventie op toe te passen en vervolgens de resultaten te evalueren. De huidige commerciële beweegsensoren zijn (nog niet) in staat om de informatie te genereren die fysiotherapeuten nodig hebben, omdat vaak alleen rekening wordt gehouden met de kwantitatieve (hoeveelheid en intensiteit) aspecten van beweeggedrag en niet het dynamische of relationele aspect van beweeggedrag . Volgens de huidige theorieën moeten binnen het beweeggedrag van patiënten met chronische pijn verschillende beweegpatronen (vermijders, volharders en de vermijders/volharders) onderscheiden kunnen worden. Het valide identificeren en betrouwbaar meetbaar maken van deze beweegpatronen en de daarbij horende in stand houdende factoren (relationele aspecten van beweeggedrag) is een eerste stap die gaat helpen met het implementeren van een meer gepersonaliseerde fysiotherapeutische aanpak van patiënten met chronische pijn. Dit kan leiden tot beter functioneren, hogere kwaliteit van leven en betere uitkomsten In de zorg.
