This article describes a European project which was aimed at improving the situation of persons with psychiatric or learning disabilities with regard to social participation and citizenship. The project took place in three countries (Estonia, Hungary and the Netherlands) and four cities (Tallinn, Budapest, Amersfoort and Maastricht). The project included research and actions at the policy level, the organizational level and the practice level. At the policy level, the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (United Nations, 2006) and the European Disability Strategy (European Commission, 2010) were used to look at national and local policies, at the reality of the lives of those with disabilities and at the support that professional services offer with regard to participation and inclusion. The project generated a number of insights, recommendations and methods by which to improve the quality of services and increase the number of opportunities for community engagement. In this article, we present some of the lessons learned from the meta-analysis. Although the circumstances in each country are quite different with regard to policy, culture and service systems, it is remarkable that people with disabilities face many of the same problems. The study shows that in all three countries, access to services could be improved. Barriers include bureaucratic procedures and a lack of services. The research identified that in every country and city there are considerable barriers regarding equal participation in the field of housing, work and leisure activities. In addition to financial barriers, there are the barriers of stigma and self-stigmatization. Marginalization keeps people in an unequal position and hinders their recovery and participation. In all countries, professionals need to develop a stronger focus on supporting the participation of their clients in public life and in the development of different roles pertaining to citizenship
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This report maps different programs that supportrefugees on the road to entrepreneurship. The municipality of The Hague, along with the refugee and migrant support organization EnterStart (MigrantINC) asked for an evaluation of the program The Hague Test Garden (from now on called The Test Garden) where refugees can ask for help starting their own businesses. The evaluation is not just based on the experiences in The Test Garden; other programs have been included in the evaluation to come to a broader view of the road to entrepreneurship and the obstacles encountered. The increased inflow of refugees in Dutch society and on the Dutch labor market has generated different support programs for starting-up a business. Some of these programs already existed but shifted to accommodate the needs of this specific target group. Other programs were initiated to support refugees because of perceived barriers in Dutch society. Most programs are private initiatives, funded on a project basis. In the Netherlands, refugees that hold a residence permit are called ‘status holders’. Upon arrival, they received a temporary permit for at least five years. They need to follow a civic integration and language program and they are expected to be part of the (regular) education system or labor market as soon as possible. The Test Garden started in 2016, a time when multiple support systems for refugee-entrepreneurs began their programs. This report starts with a short overview ofrefugee flows to the Netherlands. The main part of the report consists of the comparison and evaluation of the different programs. The information was gathered through literature, websites, and in-depth interviews with program managers and others involved. Interviews with the participants are only included for The Test Garden (Appendix 1 gives an overview of the meetings and interviews). LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/karijn-nijhoff-89589316/
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AchtergrondInformele ouderlijke steun wordt gezien als kansrijke interventie voor het reduceren van opvoedstress. Er is echter weinig bekend over hoe relaties tussen ouders met en zonder opvoedstress zich ontwikkelen in opvoedingssituaties waarbij de ene partij ondersteuning geeft en de andere partij ondersteuning ontvangt. Kennis over bevorderende en belemmerende factoren kan helpen om informele ouderlijke steun verder vorm te geven.MethodenWe hebben gedurende een kwalitatief fenomenologisch onderzoek steunouders (N = 16) en vraagouders (N = 12) in een semigestructureerd interview gevraagd naar hun ervaringen met informele sociale steun in het informele opvoedingsondersteuningsprogramma Buurtgezinnen.nl.ResultatenBevorderende factoren zijn het opbouwen van vertrouwen in de startfase, het bewaren van enige sociale afstand, het erkennen van verschillen wat betreft opvoedstress, financiële mogelijkheden, opleidingsniveau en de normen en waarden die worden gehanteerd in de opvoeding. Ten slotte is het voorkómen van een grote disbalans tussen geven en nemen ook een belangrijke bevorderende factor. Belemmerende factoren zijn een gebrekkig zicht op de leefwereld van de ander, handelings- en vraagverlegenheid en ongevraagde steun.ConclusiesVerschillende factoren bevorderen het geven en ontvangen van informele sociale steun. Tevens is een aantal belemmerende ervaringen te onderscheiden, op grond waarvan aanbevelingen worden gedaan om de onderlinge relatie verder te optimaliseren.--BackgroundInformal parental support is increasingly seen as a promising intervention for reducing parenting stress. A better understanding of the facilitating and inhibiting factors in the relationships between parents who provide informal support and those who receive informal support could help efforts to successfully implement informal parental support.MethodsWe adopted a qualitative phenomenological research approach using semi-structured interviews with 28 parents who either provided (N = 16) or received (N = 12) informal support. The interviews contained questions about their experiences with the informal parenting support programme Buurtgezinnen.nl.ResultsPerceived facilitating factors included building trust in the start-up phase, keeping a certain social distance and acknowledging differences in terms of socioeconomic status, norms and values, or parenting stress. Last but not least, avoiding a serious imbalance in providing and receiving help is also a facilitating factor. Inhibiting factors included a lack of insight into each other’s world, reluctance to reach out or ask for help, and unsolicited support.ConclusionsSeveral relational factors can facilitate successful informal parental support. The identified inhibiting factors led to recommendations for improving informal support programmes.
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Receiving the first “Rijbewijs” is always an exciting moment for any teenager, but, this also comes with considerable risks. In the Netherlands, the fatality rate of young novice drivers is five times higher than that of drivers between the ages of 30 and 59 years. These risks are mainly because of age-related factors and lack of experience which manifests in inadequate higher-order skills required for hazard perception and successful interventions to react to risks on the road. Although risk assessment and driving attitude is included in the drivers’ training and examination process, the accident statistics show that it only has limited influence on the development factors such as attitudes, motivations, lifestyles, self-assessment and risk acceptance that play a significant role in post-licensing driving. This negatively impacts traffic safety. “How could novice drivers receive critical feedback on their driving behaviour and traffic safety? ” is, therefore, an important question. Due to major advancements in domains such as ICT, sensors, big data, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), in-vehicle data is being extensively used for monitoring driver behaviour, driving style identification and driver modelling. However, use of such techniques in pre-license driver training and assessment has not been extensively explored. EIDETIC aims at developing a novel approach by fusing multiple data sources such as in-vehicle sensors/data (to trace the vehicle trajectory), eye-tracking glasses (to monitor viewing behaviour) and cameras (to monitor the surroundings) for providing quantifiable and understandable feedback to novice drivers. Furthermore, this new knowledge could also support driving instructors and examiners in ensuring safe drivers. This project will also generate necessary knowledge that would serve as a foundation for facilitating the transition to the training and assessment for drivers of automated vehicles.
