Entrepreneurs are likely to be victims of ransomware. Previous studies have found that entrepreneurs tend to adopt few preventive measures, thereby increasing their chances of victimization. Due to a lack of research, however, not much is known about why entrepreneurs lack self-protective behaviors and how they can be encouraged to change said behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain, by means of an extended model of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), the motivation for entrepreneurs using protective measures against ransomware in the future. The data for our study were collected thanks to a questionnaire that was answered by 1,020 Dutch entrepreneurs with up to 250 employees. Our Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis revealed that entrepreneurs are more likely to take preventive measures against ransomware if they perceive the risk of ransomware as severe (perceived severity), if they perceive their company as being vulnerable (perceived vulnerability), if they are concerned about the risks (affective response), and if they think that the people and companies around them expect them to apply preventive measures (subjective norms). However, if entrepreneurs think that they are capable of handling the risk (self-efficacy) and are convinced that their adopted preventive measures are effective (response efficacy), they are less likely to take preventive measures. Furthermore, for entrepreneurs that outsource IT security, the significant effect of perceived vulnerability and subjective norms disappears. The likelihood of entrepreneurs protecting their business against ransomware is thus influenced by a complex interplay of various motivational factors and is partly dependent on the business’ characteristics. Based on these findings, we will discuss security professionals’ prospects for increasing the cyber resilience of entrepreneurs, thus preventing cybercrime victimization.
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Een grote groep Nederlanders wordt jaarlijks slachtoffer van phishing. Burgers en bedrijven nemen echter in te beperkte mate zelfbeschermende maatregelen. In dit onderzoek wordt in kaart gebracht welke factoren bijdragen aan de intentie om zelfbeschermende maatregelen te nemen tegen phishing door drie risicogroepen, namelijk jongeren, ouderen en mkb’ers. We passen de Protection Motivation Theory toe, en onderbouwen een uitbreiding van dit model met twee factoren: affectieve respons en subjectieve normen. Data is verzameld middels vragenlijstonderzoek bij een panelbureau onder jongeren (N=1179), ouderen (N=1191) en mkb’ers (N=1020). De sterkste voorspeller voor de intentie tot het nemen van zelfbeschermende maatregelen tegen phishing bleek de affectieve respons (zorgen maken om phishing), gevolgd door een negatief effect van zelfeffectiviteit en positieve effecten van waargenomen ernst (jongeren en mkb’ers) en subjectieve norm (mkb’ers). Implicaties van de bevindingen voor handhavers en interventies worden besproken.
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Through the commodification of nature, the framing of the environment as a ‘natural resource’ or ‘ecosystem service’ has become increasingly prominent in international environmental governance. The economic capture approach is promoted by international organizations such as the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) through Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB). This paper will inquire as to how forest protection is related to issues of social and ecological justice, exploring whether forest exploitation based on the top-down managerial model fosters an unequitable distribution of resources. Both top-down and community-based approaches to forest protection will be critically examined and a more inclusive ethical framework to forest protection will be offered. The findings of this examination indicate the need for a renewed focus on existing examples of good practice in addressing both social and ecological need, as well as the necessity to address the less comfortable problem of where compromise appears less possible. The conclusion argues for the need to consider ecological justice as an important aspect of more socially orientated environmental justice for forest protection. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892916000436 https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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CONCEPT 15-01-2012: gebaseerd op het Rapport ‘Gedragsverandering via campagnes’ van het Ministerie van Algemene Zaken; Zie Renes, et al., 2011 De publiekscampagnes van de Nederlandse rijksoverheid zijn effectiever in het realiseren van kennisoverdracht dan in het (op korte termijn) veranderen van houding en gedrag (zie o.a. Jaarevaluatie Postbus 51-campagnes 2009, 2010). Nederlandse ministeries hechten steeds meer belang aan gedragseffecten en gebruiken dit ook als criterium om de effectiviteit van campagnes te beoordelen. Momenteel zijn veel campagnes nog gebaseerd op klassieke modellen die sterk uitgaan van systematische informatieverwerking en rationeel keuzegedrag (Wevers, Renes, Van Woerkum, 2010). Door groeiend inzicht dat deze modellen niet meer voldoen, heeft de vraag hoe communicatie effectiever kan bijdragen aan gedragsverandering het afgelopen jaar veel aandacht gekregen binnen de Dienst Publiek en Communicatie (DPC), onderdeel van het Ministerie van Algemene Zaken, en verantwoordelijk voor het uitvoeren en evalueren van Postbus 51 campagnes.
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Der Anstieg der Opfererfahrungen durch Internetkriminalität unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit zu verstehen, wie sich Menschen online verhalten und wie unsicheres Online-Verhalten mit Viktimisierung zusammenhängen kann. Bisherige Studien haben sich oft auf selbstberichtete Verhaltensweisen oder Einstellungen zu vorsichtigem Online-Verhalten verlassen. Studien, die sowohl das tatsächliche Online-Verhalten als auch erklärende Faktoren in einer grossen Stichprobe gemessen haben, sind rar. In diesem Beitrag wird das Forschungsinstrument der Online Behaviour and Victimization Study vorgestellt. Das Kapitel skizziert die Entwicklung dieses Instruments, das ein bevölkerungsbasiertes Befragungsexperiment verwendet. Mit diesem Instrument kann das tatsächliche Verhalten von Internetnutzern gemessen werden. Während des Ausfüllens der Umfrage werden die Befragten mit (fiktiven) Cyber-Risikosituationen konfrontiert, wodurch die Forscher analysieren können, wie die Befragten mit diesen Situationen umgehen. Darüber hinaus wurden auf der Grundlage von Theorien und einer umfangreichen Literaturstudie, die in diesem Beitrag kurz skizziert wird, Messungen für zahlreiche erklärende Faktoren in die Studie aufgenommen, darunter Wissen (Bewusstsein), Gelegenheit und Motivation. Schließlich wird die frühere Viktimisierung durch Cyberkriminalität gemessen, was es ermöglicht, den Zusammenhang zwischen dem tatsächlichen Online-Verhalten und der Online-Viktimisierung zu untersuchen.
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Stefan Bengtsson's commentary about policy hegemony discusses the alternative discourses of socialism, nationalism, and globalism. However, Stefan does not adequately demonstrate how these discourses can overcome the Dominant Western Worldview (DWW), which is imbued with anthropocentrism. It will be argued here that most policy choices promoting sustainability, and education for it, are made within a predetermined system in which the already limiting notion of environmental protection is highly contingent on human welfare. What would really contest the dominant assumptions of Vietnamese policy and, more specifically, education for sustainable development (ESD) is an alternative discourse that challenges the DWW. That alternative discourse embraces philosophical ecocentrism and practices of ecological justice between all species, and deep ecology theory - all perspectives fundamentally committed to environmental protection. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2015.1048502 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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This interview-based article about Hubert Hermans, founder of The Dialogical Self Theory (DST), was intended to determine the founder’s personal relationship to the construction and development of his theory and to provide a portrait of the engaged scientist and vulnerable researcher at work. DST lends itself to interdisciplinary research and practice, and is used in diverse fields and contexts (e.g. psychotherapy; bereavement scholarship; higher education). However, little has been written about the founder of the theory. I embarked on this project to illuminate the researcher and theorist as an individual who taps into personal material for practical and conceptual learning, and to honour Hermans’s contribution to the field of psychology, in the spirit of a Festschrift. Reinekke Lengelle (02 Apr 2021): Portrait of a scientist: in conversation with Hubert Hermans, founder of Dialogical Self Theory1, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2021.1900779
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Anthropocentrism is the belief that value is focused on human beings and that all other beings are means to human ends. Related to anthropocentrism, humanism privileges the aim of improvement of human welfare. Humanism has underwritten efforts to expose social injustices and improve the welfare of all human beings. In relation to the environment, post-humanism can be defined by a number of characteristics. First, post-humanism exposes anthropocentrism as an attempt to ignore the behavior in which humans focus on themselves at the expanse of all other species. Second, post-humanism critiques exclusive moral focus on human inequalities in relation to environmental protection, emphasizing that inequality between species should remain within the scope of ethical consideration. Third, post-humanism exposes anthropocentrism as an inadequate basis for environmental action as it criticizes anthropocentrism as ethically wrong as well as pragmatically ineffective. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118924396 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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Objective: To explore predictors of dropout of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain from an interdisciplinary chronic pain management programme, and to develop and validate a multivariable prediction model, based on the Extended Common- Sense Model of Self-Regulation (E-CSM). Methods: In this prospective cohort study consecutive patients with chronic pain were recruited and followed up (July 2013 to May 2015). Possible associations between predictors and dropout were explored by univariate logistic regression analyses. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression analyses were executed to determine the model that best predicted dropout. Results: Of 188 patients who initiated treatment, 35 (19%) were classified as dropouts. The mean age of the dropout group was 47.9 years (standard deviation 9.9). Based on the univariate logistic regression analyses 7 predictors of the 18 potential predictors for dropout were eligible for entry into the multiple logistic regression analyses. Finally, only pain catastrophizing was identified as a significant predictor. Conclusion: Patients with chronic pain who catastrophize were more prone to dropout from this chronic pain management programme. However, due to the exploratory nature of this study no firm conclusions can be drawn about the predictive value of the E-CSM of Self-Regulation for dropout.
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Biodiversity, including entire habitats and ecosystems, is recognized to be of great social and economic value. Conserving biodiversity has therefore become a task of international NGO’s as well as grass-roots organisations. The ‘classical’ model of conservation has been characterised by creation of designated nature areas to allow biodiversity to recover from the effects of human activities. Typically, such areas prohibit entry other than through commercial ecotourism or necessary monitoring activities, but also often involve commodification nature. This classical conservation model has been criticized for limiting valuation of nature to its commercial worth and for being insensitive to local communities. Simultaneously, ‘new conservation’ approaches have emerged. Propagating openness of conservation approaches, ‘new conservation’ has counteracted the calls for strict measures of biodiversity protection as the only means of protecting biodiversity. In turn, the ’new conservation’ was criticised for being inadequate in protecting those species that are not instrumental for human welfare. The aim of this article is to inquire whether sustainable future for non-humans can be achieved based on commodification of nature and/or upon open approaches to conservation. It is argued that while economic development does not necessarily lead to greater environmental protection, strict regulation combined with economic interests can be effective. Thus, economic approaches by mainstream conservation institutions cannot be easily dismissed. However, ‘new conservation’ can also be useful in opening up alternatives, such as care-based and spiritual approaches to valuation of nature. Complementary to market-based approaches to conservation, alternative ontologies of the human development as empathic beings embedded in intimate ethical relations with non-humans are proposed. https://www.linkedin.com/in/helenkopnina/
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