Although many countries have shown a distinct drop in crime over the last decades, the criminological literature suggests that fear of crime in those countries remained relatively stable. Research on this issue is sparse however, mostly confined to a single country, a few indicators and/or a relatively short timeframe. For this chapter 1,100 data series on fear of crime related items from (supra)national surveys were collected, covering 121 countries and more than 25 years (1989-2015). Using these data, a first prototype for an International Fear of Crime Trend Index was developed. Used on the five UN-regions with the highest average amount of data series per country, the index shows a pronounced fear drop in four of the five regions: all of them in Europe and the Anglo-Saxon countries. Explanations for these fear drops are hypothesized and directions for further research are formulated.
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‘The fear of crime’ is “upon everybody’s tongue” nowadays (Farrall & Gadd 2004:1). The concept is widely accepted as social problem across the globe (Gray, Jackson & Farrall 2008, Garland 2001) as it is held to impinge ‘(…) upon the well-being of a large proportion of the population’ (Farralll et al. 1997:658). But do we actually have a valid picture of a genuine ‘social problem of striking dimensions’ (Ditton 1999:83)? Critical voices say we don’t. ‘The fear of crime’ - as we generally know it - is seen by them as ‘(…) a product of the way it has been researched rather than the way it is’ (Farrall et al. 1997:658). And still, 45 years after the start of research, ‘surprisingly little can be said conclusively about the fear of crime‘ (Ditton & Farrall 2000:xxi). This research contributes to a growing body of knowledge - from especially the last fifteen years - that treats ‘the fear of crime’ as ‘(…) a complex allocation of interacting feelings, perceptions, emotions, values and judgments on the personal as well as the societal level’ (Pleysier 2010:43). One often replicated and paradoxical observation catches the eye: citizens perceive a growing threat of crime to their society, but consequently perceive a low risk that they themselves will fall victim of crime. Taking a social psychological approach (e.g. see Farrall et al. 2000; Jackson 2008), we will search for suitable explanations for this paradoxical observation in the fear of crime’s research tradition. The aim of this research is ‘to integrate social psychological concepts related to the individual’s identity and evaluation of his position in an increasingly complex society, to enhance our understanding of the fear of crime concept’ (Pleysier & Cops 2016:3).
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Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study examines the explanatory role of students' perceived need satisfaction and need frustration in the relationship between performance grading (versus non-grading) and students' motivation and fear in a real-life educational physical education setting. Grading consisted of teacher judgments of students' performances through observations, based on pre-defined assessment criteria. Thirty-one classes with 409 students (Mage = 14.7) from twenty-seven Flemish (Belgian) secondary schools completed questionnaires measuring students' perceived motivation, fear and psychological need satisfaction and frustration, after two lessons: one with and one without performance grading. After lessons including performance grading, students reported less intrinsic motivation and identified regulation, and more external regulation, amotivation and fear. As expected, less need satisfaction accounted for (i.e., mediated) the relationship between performance grading and self-determined motivational outcomes. Need frustration explained the relationship between performance grading and intrinsic motivation, as well as less self-determined motivational outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Developing and testing several AR and VR concepts for SAMSUNG (Benelux) Samsung and Breda University of Applied Sciences decided to work together on developing and testing several new digital media concepts with a focus on VR and gaming. This collaboration has led to several innovative projects and concepts, among others: the organisation of the first Samsung VR jam in which game and media students developed new concepts for SAMSUNG GEAR in 24 hours, the pre-development of a VR therapy concept (Fear of Love) created by CaptainVR, the Samsung Industry Case in which students developed new concepts for SAMSUNG GEAR (wearables), the IGAD VR game pitch where over 15 VR game concepts were created for SAMSUNG VR GEAR and numerous projects in which VR concepts are developed and created using new SAMSUNG technologies. Currently we are co-developing new digital HRM solutions.
This PD project aims to gather new knowledge through artistic and participatory design research within neighbourhoods for possible ways of addressing and understanding the avoidance and numbness caused by feelings of vulnerability, discomfort and pain associated with eco-anxiety and chronic fear of environmental doom. The project will include artistic production and suitable forms of fieldwork. The objectives of the PD are to find answers to the practice problem of society which call for art that sensitises, makes aware and helps initiate behavioural change around the consequences of climate change. Rather than visualize future sea levels directly, it will seek to engage with climate change in a metaphorical and poetic way. Neither a doom nor an overly techno-optimistic scenario seem useful to understand the complexity of flood risk management or the dangers of flooding. By challenging both perspectives with artistic means, this research hopes to counter eco-anxiety and create a sense of open thought and susceptibility to new ideas, feelings and chains of thought. Animation and humour, are possible ingredients. The objective is to find and create multiple Dutch water stories, not just one. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop new methods for selecting and repurposing existing impactful stories and strong images. Citizens and students will be included to do so via fieldwork. In addition, archival materials will be used. Archives serve as a repository for memory recollection and reuse, selecting material from the audiovisual archive of the Institute of Sound & Vision will be a crucial part of the creative work which will include two films and accompanying music.
Waarom ontstaat antisociaal of crimineel gedrag? Allerlei sociale, psychologische én neurobiologische factoren blijken hierbij van belang. Neurobiologische kennis is in de praktijk vaak afwezig. Professionals in het zorg- of veiligheidsdomein zouden gebaat zijn bij een toegankelijke onderwijsmodule. Brainstorm biedt kennisclips met basiskennis over het ontstaan van antisociaal en crimineel gedrag, met extra aandacht voor neurobiologische factoren.Wat? De Brainstormmodule behandelt negen thema’s: drie basisthema’s over ontwikkelingscriminologie en zes neurobiologische thema’s. Binnen elk thema wordt in een kennisclip kort basiskennis samengevat. Links naar de kennisclips zijn hieronder te vinden. Met bijbehorende opdrachten (zie docentenhandleiding) kan deze kennis verder worden verdiept. Uitgangspunt van de module is het biopsychosociale perspectief: het wetenschappelijk model waarbij neurobiologische, psychologische en sociale factoren op elkaar inwerken. De kennisclips: 1. Wat is crimineel en antisociaal gedrag? 2. Psychische stoornissen en antisociaal gedrag 3. Hoe wordt iemand crimineel? 4. Ontwikkelingspaden van crimineel gedrag 5. Biopsychosociaal model 6. Hersenen en antisociaal gedrag 7. Puberbrein en antisociaal gedrag 8. Neuropsychologie en antisociaal gedrag 9. Fearlessness & sensation seeking 10. Hufters of helden 11. Genetica en antisociaal gedrag Voor wie? De Brainstormmodule is ontwikkeld voor professionals die zich bezighouden met antisociaal of crimineel gedrag in welke vorm dan ook (beleid, toezicht, interventie en preventie etc.). De module kan zowel bij hbo-bacheloropleidingen en post-initiële (master)opleidingen als voor professionals in-company, gebruikt worden. Ontwikkeling Brainstorm Brainstorm is ontwikkeld door dr. Evelien Platje en dr. Andrea Donker van het lectoraat Kennisanalyse Sociale Veiligheid en dr. Lucres Nauta-Jansen van het AmsterdamUMC. Zij hebben veel onderzoek- en onderwijservaring op het gebied van neurobiologie van antisociaal en crimineel gedrag. Brainstorm is het eindproduct van het ZonMW-project ‘Onbekend maakt Onbemind. Leren werken met neuropsychobiologische kennis van en met jongeren met antisociaal gedrag’, een samenwerkingsproject met het lectoraat Jeugd van de Christelijke Hogeschool Windesheim. De kennisclips zijn vormgegeven door Bureau Nauta. Voor de ontwikkeling van de kennisclips zijn er feedbackmomenten geweest met zowel studenten als docenten van de opleidingen Social Work, Integrale Veiligheidskunde en Sociaal Juridische Dienstverlening van Hogeschool Utrecht.
