Most violence risk assessment tools have been validated predominantly in males. In this multicenter study, the Historical, Clinical, Risk Management–20 (HCR-20), Historical, Clinical, Risk Management–20 Version 3 (HCR-20V3), Female Additional Manual (FAM), Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START), Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF), and Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) were coded on file information of 78 female forensic psychiatric patients discharged between 1993 and 2012 with a mean follow-up period of 11.8 years from one of four Dutch forensic psychiatric hospitals. Notable was the high rate of mortality (17.9%) and readmission to psychiatric settings (11.5%) after discharge. Official reconviction data could be retrieved from the Ministry of Justice and Security for 71 women. Twenty-four women (33.8%) were reconvicted after discharge, including 13 for violent offenses (18.3%). Overall, predictive validity was moderate for all types of recidivism, but low for violence. The START Vulnerability scores, HCR-20V3, and FAM showed the highest predictive accuracy for all recidivism. With respect to violent recidivism, only the START Vulnerability scores and the Clinical scale of the HCR-20V3 demonstrated significant predictive accuracy.
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Are professionals better at assessing the evidential strength of different types of forensic conclusions compared to students? In an online questionnaire 96 crime investigation and law students, and 269 crime investigation and legal professionals assessed three fingerprint examination reports. All reports were similar, except for the conclusion part which was stated in a categorical (CAT), verbal likelihood ratio (VLR) or numerical likelihood ratio (NLR) conclusion with high or low evidential strength. The results showed no significant difference between the groups of students and professionals in their assessment of the conclusions. They all overestimated the strength of the strong CAT conclusion compared to the other conclusion types and underestimated the strength of the weak CAT conclusion. Their background (legal vs. crime investigation) did have a significant effect on their understanding. Whereas the legal professionals performed better compared to the crime investigators, the legal students performed worse compared to crime investigation students.
Purpose Self-injury is common in forensic psychiatric settings. Recent research offers some insights into the functions and management of self-injurious behaviour but generally focusses on either the experiences of staff or patients. This study aims to explore the experiences of both staff and patients with non-suicidal self-injury in a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital. Design/methodology/approach In total, 6 patients and 11 staff members were interviewed about the functions they ascribe to self-injurious behaviour, the emotional experience provoked by this behaviour and the management of self-injurious behaviour. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis. Findings Four main themes resulted from the analysis: functions; emotional distancing; patient needs; and management. Overall, findings illustrate that staff reports limited knowledge of the different functions of self-injury. To circumvent potential automatic stereotypical judgement, staff should proactively engage in conversation about this topic with their patients. In managing self-injurious behaviour, clarity and uniformity among staff members should be promoted, and collaboration between the staff and patients is desirable. Staff recognised the potential benefit of a management guideline. Staff may find detached coping strategies to be effective but should be vigilant to not let this evolve into excessive detachment. Practical implications Increased knowledge and awareness of self-injury functions among staff can allow for better understanding and evaluation of self-injury incidents. Circumvention of automatic, stereotypical judgement of self-injurious behaviour is warranted, and more accessible explanations of the variety of functions of self-injury should be used. More proactive engagement in conversations about functions of self-injury by staff, can facilitate this. Detached coping can help staff to remain resilient in their job, but requires vigilance to prevent this from turning into excessive detachment. Clarity and uniformity among staff when managing self-injury incidents is considered beneficial by both patients and staff. A guideline may facilitate this. When imposing restrictions on patients, staff should strive to establish collaboration with the patient in determining the course of action and ensure the restriction is temporary. Originality/value The impact of self-injurious behaviour on all those involved can be enormous. More research is needed into experiences of both patients and staff members regarding the impact, motivations, precipitants and functions of self-injurious behaviour, and effective treatment of it.
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Dit lectorenplatform richt zich specifiek op vakoverstijgend onderwijs op het snijvlak van kunst, wetenschap en technologie. Deelnemers aan het lectorenplatform beschouwen de opbloeiende, interdisciplinaire praktijken van wetenschappers en kunstenaars als een inspiratiebron voor de vernieuwing van het funderend en hoger onderwijs. Om deze vernieuwing te realiseren moeten vanuit verschillende vakgebieden hands-on-ervaringen en onderzoekservaringen gecombineerd worden. Hierdoor komen leerlingen en studenten vanuit verschillende kennisdomeinen in samenwerking tot nieuwe manieren van leren en probleemoplossen. De ambitie van dit platform is om praktijkbeoefenaars, wetenschappers en docenten uit verschillende sectoren en disciplines bijeen te brengen. De NWA-route ‘Kunst: onderzoek en innovatie in de 21ste eeuw’ roept nadrukkelijk op tot investering in dergelijke platformen: “Het primair vernieuwende in deze route is dat partijen uit het kunstendomein: kunstenaars en ontwerpers, de sociale, geestes‐ en natuurwetenschappen, het kunstvakonderwijs, culturele bedrijven en de creatieve industrie zich met elkaar verbinden en inzetten op een gezamenlijke onderzoeksagenda. [...]" (Borgdorff, et al., 2016, p. 3). In het lectorenplatform staat niet alleen vakintegratie centraal, maar draait het ook om een actualisering van de leerinhouden van de kunst- en bètavakken: kunst kan heel analytisch zijn en bèta creatief, en kunst en bèta kunnen elkaar in onderlinge interactie versterken. Het lectorenplatform wil dus ook bestaande ideeën en beeldvorming rond kunsteducatie en wetenschap-/techniekonderwijs ter discussie stellen, en daarmee een impuls geven aan curriculumvernieuwing: van funderend tot beroepsonderwijs. Om onderzoek naar onderwijs op het snijvlak van kunst, wetenschap en technologie te bevorderen en binnen verschillende sectoren dit onderzoek op de agenda te zetten, richt het platform zich op drie themalijnen die aan de basis van de onderzoeksagenda staan: (1) professionele kunst- en ontwerppraktijken, (2) funderend onderwijs en (3) beroepsonderwijs. De themalijnen vormen de leidraad voor te initiëren onderzoek en activiteiten als het opzetten van een thematische online database met good practices en de organisatie van designathons waarin deelnemers uit verschillende disciplines de interdisciplinaire praktijk actief beleven.
