Research into how and why language teachers use literature as content is presented to explore one aspect of various pedagogical and collaborative practices open to language teachers in CLIL contexts. Language teachers’ beliefs and practices are examined based on a literature review, focus group study, survey, and multiple-case study.The question how and why language teachers shape practices using literature as content is considered, drawing on research into the pedagogical and collaborative practices of language teachers in CLIL contexts. The presentation brings together findings from a literature review, focus group study, survey, and multiple-case study to exemplify and explain the practices of language teachers in CLIL who turn to literature as their content. A dynamic framework for locating and explicating the pedagogical and collaborative practices of language teachers in CLIL contexts (Dale, Oostdam, & Verspoor, 2017) derived from a literature review is presented. The views of different stakeholders in CLIL in the Netherlands in relation to the teaching of literature, based on a focus group study are discussed (Dale, Oostdam, & Verspoor, 2018a). The findings of a survey into the stated beliefs and practices of Teachers of English in Bilingual Streams (TEBs) in the Netherlands with regard to the teaching of literature (Dale, Oostdam, & Verspoor, 2018b) are presented. Two case descriptions representing prototypical practices of language teachers taking literature as content are introduced (Dale, Oostdam, & Verspoor, submitted). ]
In the European policies to increase the quality of teachers, much attention is given to the upgrading of qualifications. However, in European debates on teacher education, e.g. within the context of the Education & Training 2020 program, discussions about the qualification level are mostly restricted to initial teacher education. This raises the question what possibilities there are to raise the qualification level of teachers already working in schools. From this perspective, there is a need to take a closer look at in-service Master’s qualification programs, at existing arrangements and programs, at their focus and their impact on the professionalism of teachers. The paper addresses issues with respect to the conditions for successful in-service Master’s level qualification programs and reflects on content elements that should be part of the curriculum of these programs. In answering the question what content elements should be part of inservice Master’s programs that extend the minimum standards for teachers, the paper focuses on the ‘secondary role’ of teachers that extends beyond the primary process of teaching and learning and connects this to the concept of extended professionalism (Hoyle 1975, Stenhouse 1975). The paper concludes with a frame of reference that can be used to analyse the contribution of in-service Master’s level qualification programs to the professionalism of teachers.
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The dialogue between a mentor teacher and a prospective teacher is a key element in the supervision of prospective teachers in the workplace. This literature study deals with the issue of how to conceptualize the supervisory behaviour of mentor teachers in mentoring dialogues by systematically examining empirical literature on aspects of mentor teachers' behaviour during dialogues with prospective teachers. From the findings a model is derived which can be used to describe and map mentor teachers' behaviour in mentoring dialogues. The model may be helpful in the further development of the quality of mentor teachers' behaviour in mentoring dialogues.
