Ammonia is heavily used in agriculture as a fertilizer and in industry as a raw material for the production of various organic nitrogen compounds. Its high hydrogen content and its established infrastructure for both storage and distribution makes ammonia a prominent candidate for storing fluctuating renewable energy. The Haber-Bosch heterogenous reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen on an iron-based catalyst is used today at large scale ammonia production sites. The current industrial hydrogen production is dominated by fossil energy sources. The traditional Haber-Bosch process can become green and carbon-free if renewable electricity is used for hydrogen generation. However, a continuous operation of power to ammonia can be challenging with a fluctuating renewable energy source. Techno-economic models show that electrolysis and the hydrogen supply chain is the main dominating cost factor of power to ammonia.
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Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) represent a green chemistry alternative to utilization of common hazardous organic solvents. They were introduced by Abbott et al. [1], and were found to have a wide range of compositions and favorable properties. NADES are typically obtained by mixing hydrogen-bond acceptors (HBA), with hydrogen bond donors (HBD), leading to a significant depression of the melting point. The availability of components, simple preparation, biodegradability, safety, re usability and low cost are the significant advantages that call for research on their analytical applications. Three methods are most commonly used for preparing NADES: a) heating and stirring: the mixture until a clear liquid is formed; b) evaporating solvent from components solution with a rotatory evaporator; c) freeze drying of aqueous solutions.The common solvents for the extraction of anthocyanins are acidified mixtures of water with ethanol, methanol, or acetone. The anthocyanins extracts are susceptible to degradation due to high temperature, and the solvent properties (e.g. high pH) and the whole process can often be time-consuming. Extraction of anthocyanins from red cabbage by four NADES was investigated. It was demonstrated that NADES have comparable extraction efficiencies with conventional method with 0.1 M water solution of HCl. This indicates a possibility of utilization the Green chemistry extraction processes as a promising new green-extraction technology with low cost efficiency and environment friendly technology for production of safe food additives.
Green Hydra main scope is to improve policies from 10 regions of different types and levels - national, regional or local - to establish support initiatives and measures for opening the access of SMEs to green H2 development projects, from research programmes to development strategies, awareness-raising schemes, and pilot investments especially focused on involvement of SMEs across the whole hydrogen value chain, including R&D, engineering, manufacturing, consultancy, human resources upskilling and design.The specifc objectives are:- probing the conditions for using green H2 in the key sectors involving SMEs- identifying the potential key factors to activate the involvement of SMEs around the green H2 value chain- supporting for the creation of a production chain involving SMEs- developing new skills, knowledge and communication for green H2 for SMEs- easing SMEs access to fi nance in the fi eld of green H2- upscaling innovations for SMEs related to green H2 products and services
This Professional Doctorate (PD) research focuses on optimizing the intermittency of CO₂-free hydrogen production using Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) and Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) electrolysis. The project addresses challenges arising from fluctuating renewable energy inputs, which impact system efficiency, degradation, and overall cost-effectiveness. The study aims to develop innovative control strategies and system optimizations to mitigate efficiency losses and extend the electrolyzer lifespan. By integrating dynamic modeling, lab-scale testing at HAN University’s H2Lab, and real-world validation with industry partners (Fluidwell and HyET E-Trol), the project seeks to enhance electrolyzer performance under intermittent conditions. Key areas of investigation include minimizing start-up and shutdown losses, reducing degradation effects, and optimizing power allocation for improved economic viability. Beyond technological advancements, the research contributes to workforce development by integrating new knowledge into educational programs, bridging the gap between research, industry, and education. It supports the broader transition to a CO₂-free energy system by ensuring professionals are equipped with the necessary skills. Aligned with national and European sustainability goals, the project promotes decentralized hydrogen production and strengthens the link between academia and industry. Through a combination of theoretical modeling, experimental validation, and industrial collaboration, this research aims to lower the cost of green hydrogen and accelerate its large-scale adoption.