Active antifungal packaging is a technological solution for reducing the postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables associated with phytopathogens. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is the principal fungus that causes post-harvest avocado fruit decay. In this study, antifungal sachets filled with oregano oil-starch capsules were prepared, and their active effects were demonstrated on Hass avocado fruits. Oregano oil (31 % of carvacrol) was encapsulated with corn starch by spray drying. Tyvek sachets (4 × 4 cm) filled with 80 (T1) and 160 mg (T2) of oregano oil-starch capsules (99.35 ± 1.86 mg g − 1) were fabricated. The antifungal effects of the sachets were tested in vitro and in vivo using a humidity chamber (90–95 % relative humidity (RH)) on fruits inoculated with anthracnose. The results showed that T1 and T2 inhibited 75.21 ± 2.81 and 100 % in vitro growth of anthracnose at 25 °C for 12 days. Furthermore, Hass avocado fruits stored in a humidity chamber at 25 °C for 6 days showed that only T2 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the area of lesion produced by artificial inoculation of Hass avocado fruits with anthracnose. On average, the lesion area in the Hass avocado fruits treated with T2 was 13.94 % smaller than that in the control fruit.
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De toenemende bacterieresistentie tegen antibiotica bij de mens èn in de aquacultuur vraagt om alternatieven. Op de HAS Hogeschool is, in samenwerking met de Wageningen Universiteit en NGN Products, via in vitro studies getest of essentiële oliën een remmend effect hebben op de groei van twee veelvoorkomende pathogenen in de garnalenteelt: Vibrio harveyi en Vibrio alginolyticus. De geteste essentiële oliën lieten een vergelijkbare, of significant hogere remming zien dan het antibiotica oxytetracycline. Vooral oregano en tijm lijken veelbelovend in de garnalenteelt en mogelijk ook in de productie van visvoeders.
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Lasiocarpine and riddelliine are pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) known to cause liver toxicity. The aim of this study was to predict the inter-species and inter-ethnic human differences in acute liver toxicity of lasiocarpine and riddelliine using physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling based reverse dosimetry of in vitro toxicity data. The concentration–response curves of in vitro cytotoxicity of lasiocarpine and riddelliine defined in pooled human hepatocytes were translated to in vivo dose–response curves by PBK models developed using kinetic data obtained from incubations with pooled tissue fractions from Chinese and Caucasian individuals, providing PBK models for the average Chinese and average Caucasian, respectively. From the predicted in vivo dose–response curves, the benchmark dose lower and upper confidence limits for 5% effect (BMDL5 and BMDU5) were derived and subsequently compared to those previously obtained in rat to evaluate inter-species differences. The inter-species differences amounted to 2.0-fold for lasiocarpine and 8.2-fold for riddelliine with humans being more sensitive than rats. The inter-ethnic human differences varied 2.0-fold for lasiocarpine and 5.0-fold for riddelliine with the average Caucasian being more sensitive than the average Chinese. In conclusion, the present study provides the proof-of-principle to predict inter-species and inter-ethnic differences in in vivo liver toxicity for PAs by an alternative testing strategy integrating in vitro cytotoxicity data with PBK modelling-based reverse dosimetry.
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Chemical preservation is an important process that prevents foods, personal care products, woods and household products, such as paints and coatings, from undesirable change or decomposition by microbial growth. To date, many different chemical preservatives are commercially available, but they are also associated with health threats and severe negative environmental impact. The demand for novel, safe, and green chemical preservatives is growing, and this process is further accelerated by the European Green Deal. It is expected that by the year of 2050 (or even as soon as 2035), all preservatives that do not meet the ‘safe-by-design’ and ‘biodegradability’ criteria are banned from production and use. To meet these European goals, there is a large need for the development of green, circular, and bio-degradable antimicrobial compounds that can serve as alternatives for the currently available biocidals/ preservatives. Anthocyanins, derived from fruits and flowers, meet these sustainability goals. Furthermore, preliminary research at the Hanze University of Applied Science has confirmed the antimicrobial efficacy of rose and tulip anthocyanin extracts against an array of microbial species. Therefore, these molecules have the potential to serve as novel, sustainable chemical preservatives. In the current project we develop a strategy consisting of fractionation and state-of-the-art characterization methods of individual anthocyanins and subsequent in vitro screening to identify anthocyanin-molecules with potent antimicrobial efficacy for application in paints, coatings and other products. To our knowledge this is the first attempt that combines in-depth chemical characterization of individual anthocyanins in relation to their antimicrobial efficacy. Once developed, this strategy will allow us to single out anthocyanin molecules with antimicrobial properties and give us insight in structure-activity relations of individual anthocyanins. Our approach is the first step towards the development of anthocyanin molecules as novel, circular and biodegradable non-toxic plant-based preservatives.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a strong rope-like tissue which connects the femur to the tibia in the knee joint. Its function is to provide structural stability to the knee while preventing unnatural forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. Acute complete ACL ruptures during movements like knee hyperextension or sudden changes of direction (pivoting) damage two entities: the ligament itself and its nerve connections to the posterior tibial nerve (PTN). PTN innervation in the ACL is essential for: a) proprioception (e.g. perception of position and movement/acceleration experienced by the ligament), and b) stability of the knee joint. Upon ACL rupture, the orthopedic surgeon reconstructs the ACL with a graft from the hamstring, patellar or quadriceps tendon. After the surgery, the goal is to regain neuromuscular control and dynamic stabilization during rehabilitation as soon as possible for a quick return to sports and daily activities. However, surgeons are not able to reconstruct the nerve gap between the PTN and the grafted ligament due to the microscopic size of the innervation in the ACL. Not linking the PTN to the graft creates a disconnection between the knee joint and the spinal cord. To mitigate these disadvantages in ACL surgery, this study focuses on activating the growth of proprioception nerve endings using a ligament loaded with growth factors (neurotrophins). We hypothesize that neurotrophins will activate proprioceptive fibers of neurons close to the ACL. We describe graft fabrication steps and in vitro experiments to expand on the regeneration capacity of a commercially available ACL-like synthetic ligament called LARS. The results will bring the ACL regeneration field closer to having a graft that can aid patients in regaining mobility and stability during locomotion and running, confidence in the strength of the knee joint, and quick return to sports.
Biomassa afkomstig van stedelijk groenbeheer is grondstof voor biocascadering van benutbare biomassa componenten. Planten bevatten waardevolle inhoudstoffen die als grondstof kunnen dienen voor onder andere farmaceutica, cosmetica, voeding, veevoer, chemie, biomaterialen en bio-energie. Stedelijk groen draagt bij aan kwaliteit van leven voor burgers en biodiversiteit in de stad. Introductie van kwalitatief hoogwaardig stedelijk groen met multifunctionele eigenschappen ten aanzien van stedelijk klimaatsverbetering is op dit moment niet haalbaar vanwege de hoge kosten van aanleg en onderhoud. Het op meerdere manieren benutten van stedelijk snoeimateriaal en het circulair maken van de mineralen kringloop moet het mogelijk maken kosteneffectieve hoogwaardige beplantingen in de stedelijke ruimte te realiseren. Het groenbeheers bedrijf Ecorridors BV en het farmaciebedrijf Syncom BV hebben samen met het Kenniscentrum Biobased Economie (KCBBE) van de Hanzehogeschool Groningen onderzoek gedaan naar de ontwikkeling van nieuwe circulaire supply-chains voor het aanvoeren, extraheren en benutten van plantinhoudstoffen uit biomassa snoeimateriaal voor farmaceutische, cosmetische en nutraceutische toepassingen waarbij restmaterialen worden gecomposteerd en weer teruggebracht in de kringloop.Het project heeft het proof-of-principle van deze ideeën aangetoond en er indicatieve business-plannen voor ontwikkeld. Concreet zijn de mogelijkheden voor supply chains op basis van taxus, verfbrem en hondsroos onderzocht. Taxus is grondstof voor paclitaxel een cytostatica die in de chemotherapie van kanker wordt benut. Hanzehogeschool heeft groen extractie proces op basis van een superkritisch CO2 hiervoor ontwikkeld. Verfbrem is grondstof voor de anti-aging fytosterol genisteine. Genisteine in huidverzorgingsproducten stimuleert de aanmaak van huideigen collageen en verhoogt daarmee de huidelasticiteit. Hanzehogeschool heeft een superkritisch CO2 extractieproces hiervoor ontwikkeld en zowel met behulp van in vitro als in vivo testen de werking van cosmetica met genisteine gedemonstreerd. De derde keten is op basis van rozebottels van de hondsroos. Rozebottels zijn rijk aan antioxidanten in het vruchtvlees en olie in het zaad. Voor beide ingrediënten heeft de Hanzehogeschool superkritische extractieprocessen ontwikkeld. Toepassingen hiervoor zijn in voeding (antioxidant) en in cosmetica (olie).De voorlopige business-cases van al deze grondstoffen zien er veel belovend uit. Bij realisatie van deze business-cases dragen de project partners bij aan verder vergroenen en circulair maken van onze economie en samenleving. Vervolgonderzoek waarbij onder andere ook wordt gekeken naar de hoeveelheid microverontreinigingen in het materiaal moet uitwijzen of deze ketens ook daadwerkelijk gerealiseerd kunnen worden.
