Zoekresultaten

Using brain potentials to functionally localise stroop-like effects in colour and picture naming : perceptual encoding versus word planning.

The colour-word Stroop task and the picture-word interference task (PWI) have been used extensively to study the functional processes underlying spoken word production. One of the consistent behavioural effects in both tasks is the Stroop-like effect: The reaction time (RT) is longer on incongruent trials than on congruent trials. The effect in the Stroop task is usually linked to word planning, whereas the effect in the PWI task is associated with either word planning or perceptual encoding. To adjudicate between the word planning and perceptual encoding accounts of the effect in PWI, we conducted an EEG experiment consisting of three tasks: a standard colour-word Stroop task (three colours), a standard PWI task (39 pictures), and a Stroop-like version of the PWI task (three pictures). Participants overtly named the colours and pictures while their EEG was recorded. A Stroop-like effect in RTs was observed in all three tasks. ERPs at centro-parietal sensors started to deflect negatively for incongruent relative to congruent stimuli around 350 ms after stimulus onset for the Stroop, Stroop-like PWI, and the Standard PWI tasks: an N400 effect. No early differences were found in the PWI tasks. The onset of the Stroop-like effect at about 350 ms in all three tasks links the effect to word planning rather than perceptual encoding, which has been estimated in the literature to be finished around 200-250 ms after stimulus onset. We conclude that the Stroop-like effect arises during word planning in both Stroop and PWI.

Differential diagnostics in cluttering and stuttering A test of speech motor control on word level productions: The SPA Test (Dutch: Screening Pittige Articulatie)

Tot op heden bestond er geen onderzoeksinstrument dat betrouwbaar differentieert tussen broddelende en stotterende clienten. Een door de eerste auteur ontwikkelde test voor spraakmotorische controle op woordniveau is genormeerd en gevalideerd voor broddelende, stotterende sprekers en controles. Dit unieke instrument heeft een differentiaal diagnostische waarde binnen de vloeiendheidsstoornissen.

Cluttering identified: differential diagnostics between cluttering, stuttering and speech impairment related to learning difficulties

Evaluating opportunities in Dutch EFL course books for developing pre-vocational learners’ oral interactional ability

Course materials play a vital role in the foreign language classroom. Relatively little attention has been paid, however, to analyzing the activities that foster oral interactional ability in EFL course materials. For the purpose of this study, a coding scheme was designed that focuses specifically on the development of interactional ability. This was used to analyse the three most commonly used EFL course books for pre-vocational learners in The Netherlands. The analysis revealed that course books focus more on developing language knowledge than on developing the ability to use this knowledge in interaction, that interactional strategies practice is missing, and that interactional practice is limited to the personal and public context. We conclude that EFL course books lag behind current SLA theories in the practical application of activities focused on developing interactional ability. Recommendations to strengthen the link between theory and practice are made.

An adolescent confronted with cluttering

Purpose: This case study is presented to inform the reader of potential speech, language, cognitive, and emotional characteristics in preadolescent cluttering. Method: This case study describes a 10-year-old boy who started to clutter during preadolescence. The case illustrates that, in some adolescents, cluttering can co-occur with temporary stuttering-like behavior. In this case, signs of disturbances in speech-language production associated with behavioral impulsiveness as a young child were noted. Speech, language, cognitive, and emotional results of the case are reported in detail. Results: The changes in fluency development are reported and discussed within the context of changes in the adolescent brain as well as adolescent cognitive and emotional development. While being unaware of their speech condition before adolescence, during preadolescence, the changes in brain organization lead to an increase in rate and a decrease in speech control. Given that the client had limited understanding of what was occurring, they were at risk of developing negative communication attitudes. Speech-language therapists are strongly advised to monitor children with cluttering signals in the early years of their adolescence.

Spreken we dezelfde taal?

Deze openbare les is uitgesproken door dr. Ellen Gerrits ter gelegenheid van haar installatie als lector Logopedie aan Hogeschool Utrecht. Dit lectoraat is ontstaan vanuit een samenwerking tussen de Faculteit Gezondheidszorg van Hogeschool Utrecht, de opleiding Logopediewetenschap van de Universiteit Utrecht en de Koninklijke Auris Groep, een instelling voor begeleiding, zorg en onderwijs voor kinderen met een communicatieve en/of auditieve beperking. Het lectoraat Logopedie heeft als missie om de transparantie van de logopedische zorg te vergroten en kennis te ontwikkelen en te verspreiden over de effectiviteit van logopedische interventie. Hierbij ligt de focus op preventie en care bij kindertaalstoornissen. Het lectoraat wil dit bereiken met praktijkgericht, toegepast onderzoek. Het lectoraat is uniek in Nederland omdat het zich specifiek richt op het vakgebied Logopedie. Het heeft daarom ook als missie om in brede zin bij te dragen aan de onderbouwing en profilering van het beroep logopedie, en aan de professionalisering en academisering van de logopedist.