In this work, a feasible and low-cost approach is proposed for level measurement in multiphase systems inside tanks used for petroleum-derived oil production. The developed level sensor system consisted of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), light-dependent resistor (LDR), and a low-cost microprocessor. Two different types of oil were tested: AW460 and AW68. Linear regression (LR) was applied for 11 scenarios and showed a direct correlation between the level of oil and the sensor’s output. The measurement with AW460 oil presented a perfect linear behavior, while for AW68, a higher standard deviation was obtained justifying the occurrence of the nonlinearity in several scenarios. In order to overcome the nonlinear effect, two machine learning (ML) techniques were tested: K-nearest neighbors regression (KNNR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network regression. The highest correlation coefficient ( R2 ) and the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE) were obtained for AW68 with MLP. Therefore, MLP was used for regression (level prediction for water, oil, and emulsion) as well as classification (identify the type of oil in the reservoir) simultaneously. The suggested network exhibited a high accuracy for oil identification (99.801%) and improved linear performance in regression ( R2 = 0.9989 and RMSE = 0.065).
DOCUMENT
The transmission of constant-envelope orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CE-OFDM) signals, based on electrical phase modulation, was shown to improve the tolerance to noise and the nonlinearity introduced by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in visible light communication (VLC) systems. This allows the application of larger signal amplitudes despite the LED-nonlinearities and, thus, data transmission over larger distances. The performance of a 9.51 Mb/s CE-OFDM based system, with 16-QAM subcarrier mapping in a bandwidth of 5 MHz, was compared to the efficiency of a conventional OFDM system. The error vector magnitude (EVM) was reduced from 17.5% to 10% (which is below the FEC limit), an improvement around 43%, when the CE-OFDM scheme was applied in the VLC link of 6 m. A good performance was achieved by the CE-OFDM based VLC system in a link of 8 m, when 4-QAM was used as subcarrier mapping.
DOCUMENT
Light profoundly impacts many aspects of human physiology and behaviour, including the synchronization of the circadian clock, the production of melatonin, and cognition. These effects of light, termed the non-visual effects of light, have been primarily investigated in laboratory settings, where light intensity, spectrum and timing can be carefully controlled to draw associations with physiological outcomes of interest. Recently, the increasing availability of wearable light loggers has opened the possibility of studying personal light exposure in free-living conditions where people engage in activities of daily living, yielding findings associating aspects of light exposure and health outcomes, supporting the importance of adequate light exposure at appropriate times for human health. However, comprehensive protocols capturing environmental (e.g., geographical location, season, climate, photoperiod) and individual factors (e.g., culture, personal habits, behaviour, commute type, profession) contributing to the measured light exposure are currently lacking. Here, we present a protocol that combines smartphone-based experience sampling (experience sampling implementing Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, KSS ratings) and high-quality light exposure data collection at three body sites (near-corneal plane between the two eyes mounted on spectacle, neck-worn pendant/badge, and wrist-worn watch-like design) to capture daily factors related to individuals’ light exposure. We will implement the protocol in an international multi-centre study to investigate the environmental and socio-cultural factors influencing light exposure patterns in Germany, Ghana, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey (minimum n = 15, target n = 30 per site, minimum n = 90, target n = 180 across all sites). With the resulting dataset, lifestyle and context-specific factors that contribute to healthy light exposure will be identified. This information is essential in designing effective public health interventions.
MULTIFILE
Despite Dutch Hospitality industry’s significant economic value, employers struggle to attract and retain early career professionals at a time when tourism is forecasted to grow exponentially (Ruël, 2018). Universally, hospitality management graduates are shunning hospitality careers preferring other career paths; stimulating the Dutch Hospitality to find innovative ways of attracting and retaining early career professionals. Following calls from the Human Resource Management (HRM) community (Ehnert, 2009), we attribute this trend to personnel being depicted as rentable resources, driving profit’’ often at personal expense. For example, hotels primarily employ immigrants and students for a minimum wage suppressing salaries of local talent (Kusluvan, et al 2010, O’Relly and Pfeffer, 2010). Similarly, flattening organizational structures have eliminated management positions, placing responsibility on inexperienced shoulders, with vacancies commonly filled by pressured employees accepting unpaid overtime jeopardizing their work life balance (Davidson, et al 2010,). These HRM practices fuel attrition by exposing early career professionals to burnout (Baum et al, 2016, Goh et al, 2015, Deery and Jog, 2009). Collectively this has eroded the industry’s employer brand, now characterized by unsocial working hours, poor compensation, limited career opportunities, low professional standing, high turnover and substance abuse (Mooney et al, 2016, Gehrels and de Looij, 2011). In contrast, Sustainable HRM “enables an organizational goal achievement while simultaneously reproducing the human resource base over a long-lasting calendar time (Ehnert, 2009, p. 74).” Hence, to overcome this barrier we suggest embracing the ROC framework (Prins et al, 2014), which (R)espects internal stakeholders, embraces an (O)pen HRM approach while ensuring (C)ontinuity of economic and societal sustainability which could overcome this barrier. Accordingly, we will employ field research, narrative discourse, survey analysis and quarterly workshops with industry partners, employees, union representatives, hotel school students to develop sustainable HRM practices attracting and retaining career professionals to pursue Dutch hospitality careers.
Consumenten wensen light-emitting diodes (LEDs) die energie-efficiënt zijn, maar tegelijkertijd de gewenste kleuren licht uitzenden. Binnenverlichting moet bijvoorbeeld voldoende rood bevatten om een warme sfeer te creëren, terwijl beeldschermen mooie pure kleuren moeten produceren. De Universiteit Utrecht en het bedrijf Seaborough B.V. gaan samenwerken aan nieuwe manieren om efficiënt licht te genereren met nanokristallen. Nanokristallen hebben als voordeel dat het uitgezonden lichtspectrum nauwkeurig kan worden gestuurd en dat hun fabricage minder schaarse materialen gebruikt dan bestaande technologieën. Om ze licht te laten uitzenden, moet er echter energie worden toegevoerd. De onderzoekers gaan een strategie uittesten om energie zo snel en efficiënt mogelijk door een dunne film van nanokristallen te laten reizen. De beoogde strategie berust op het gebruik van golfgeleiders, die elektromagnetische straling in een gewenst richting sturen. Succes in dit project zal bijdragen aan het efficiënter en mooier maken van kunstmatige lichtbronnen, terwijl er minder materialen gebruikt hoeven te worden.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) vervangen andere typen kunstmatige verlichting in rap tempo, omdat ze zuiniger en robuuster zijn. LEDs vormen dan ook een alsmaar groeiende markt van vele tientallen miljarden. De meest voorkomende technologie maakt gebruik van InGaN om blauw licht te maken onder elektrische aandrijving. “Fosforen” zetten vervolgens een deel van dit blauwe licht om in de andere kleuren van de regenboog. Helaas werken bestaande fosforen vooral goed in toepassingen waarbij lage lichtintensiteit voldoende is. Bij hogere lichtintensiteit treedt “verzadiging” op: de efficiëntie van kleuromzetting wordt minder. Dit leidt tot energieverliezen. Daarnaast kan verzadiging de kleurbeleving van een LED-lamp ongewenst blauwig oftewel “koel” maken, aangezien vooral “warme” rode fosforen last hebben van dit probleem. De onderzoekers willen innovatieve fosformaterialen ontwerpen die efficiënt blijven ook bij hoge lichtintensiteit. Ze gaan samengestelde nanomaterialen maken met twee componenten, waarbij blauw licht wordt geabsorbeerd door de ene component en rood licht uitgezonden door de andere. Via het ontwerp van de samengestelde fosfor kan de snelheid van energieoverdracht van de ene naar de andere component worden gecontroleerd. Berekeningen wijzen uit dat slim gebruik van energieoverdracht verzadiging van de kleuromzetting kan verminderen. Dit project zal deze berekeningen toetsen en de praktische mogelijkheden verkennen om dit concept te gebruiken. Het kan daarmee de basis leggen voor vervolgonderzoek waar de beste ontwerpen verder worden ontwikkeld tot heldere rode fosforen. Deze zijn nodig voor de realisatie van zuinigere verlichting met een prettigere kleurbeleving voor de consument.
