Electrification of residential areas is increasingly common. Major areas of development include rooftop solar panels, electric vehicles and heat pumps. However, existing grid components may have insufficient network capacity to accommodate the resulting electricity flows. Battery energy storage (BES) can be used to prevent transformer overloading resulting from electrification. Ideally, BES should be sized and placed such that it can prevent overloading with a minimum amount of storage capacity, but it is unclear how load characteristics affect BES capacity requirements. This study investigated how load simultaneity affects the minimum BES capacity required to prevent transformer overloading, comparing a central with a distributed BES layout. It was found that as simultaneity increases, distributed storage requires relatively less capacity than central storage. This is likely due to the reduced ability of central BES to share capacity between connections as simultaneity increases, and the ability of distributed BES to better reduce transportation losses.
DOCUMENT
Electrification of residential areas is increasingly common. Major areas of development include promoting rooftop solar panels, electric vehicles and heat pumps. However, existing grid components may have insufficient capacity to support the resulting electricity flows. Battery energy storage (BES) can be used to prevent transformer overloading resulting from electrification. Ideally, BES should be sized and placed such that it can prevent overloading with a minimum amount of storage capacity, but it is unclear how load characteristics affect BES capacity requirements. This study investigated how load simultaneity affects the minimum BES capacity required to prevent transformer overloading, comparing a central with a decentral BES configuration. It was found that as simultaneity increases, decentral storage requires relatively less capacity than central storage. This is likely due to the reduced ability of central BES to share capacity between connections with higher simultaneity, and the ability of decentral BES to better reduce transportation losses.
DOCUMENT
Residential electricity distribution grid capacity is based on the typical peak load of a house and the load simultaneity factor. Historically, these values have remained predictable, but this is expected to change due to increasing electric heating using heat pumps and rooftop solar panel electricity generation. It is currently unclear how this increase in electrification will impact household peak load and load simultaneity, and hence the required grid capacity of residential electricity distribution grids. To gain better insight, transformer and household load measurements were taken in an all-electric neighborhood over a period of three years. These measurements were analyzed to determine how heat pumps and solar panels will alter peak load and load simultaneity, and hence grid capacity requirements. The impacts of outdoor effective temperature and solar panel orientation were also analyzed. Moreover, the potential for smart grids to reduce grid capacity requirements was examined.
DOCUMENT
Residential electricity distribution grid capacityis based on the typical peak load of a house and the loadsimultaneity factor. Historically, these values have remainedpredictable, but this is expected to change due to increasingelectric heating using heat pumps and rooftop solar panelelectricity generation. It is currently unclear how this increasein electrification will impact household peak load and loadsimultaneity, and hence the required grid capacity of residentialelectricity distribution grids. To gain better insight, transformerand household load measurements were taken in an all-electricneighborhood over a period of three years. These measurementswere analyzed to determine how heat pumps and solar panelswill alter peak load and load simultaneity and hence gridcapacity design parameters. Moreover, the potential for smartgrids to reduce peak loads and load simultaneity, and hencereduce required grid capacities, was examined.
